Timeline

Question 1

What did moves towards European Integration spring from during the 1929 Speech to the League of Nations?

Answer 1

1) Europe’s Realization of its own weakness
2)Possibility of renewed military conflict must be banished forever
3)Desire to create a better, freer, world with better international relations

Question 2

What was Potsdam?

Answer 2

US, GB, and USSR decide what Europe will look like post WW2
Due to western requests, Stalin promised free elections

Question 3

Describe the Members, Bodies, and Purpose of the UN

Answer 3

Main members: US, Russia, Taiwan (Democratic Republic of China), France, UK, and a rotating member
Bodies:
General Assembly
Trusteeship Council
International Court of Justice
Security Council
15 members
5 permanent: China, France, Russian Federation, UK, and US
Members for 2 year terms (elected by general assembly)
Economic and Social Council
54 Members
3 year terms
Purpose:
1) Maintain International Peace and Security
2)Principle of the sovereign equality of all its members

Question 4

What is the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 4

Usa supports people who are resisting armed minorities (communists)

Question 5

What is the Marshall Plan

Answer 5

US offered money to rebuild economics of Europe post WW2, and rejecting appeal of communism

Question 6

Describe the Tasks and Goals of NATO

Answer 6

Would defend each other against any Soviet aggression
VS. Warsaw Pact (1955): USSR controls Eastern European countries
Core Tasks (2010): Collective Defense, Crisis Management, Cooperative Security
Political Alliance: Promotes democratic values and enables members to consult and cooperate on defense issues
Military Alliance: If diplomatic efforts fail, it can undertake crisis management
Eastward Expansion: 1999- three former Warsaw pact members join, 2004- seven former communist states join

Question 7

What is the Schuman Plan?

Answer 7

1950: Put use of coal and steel resources under supranational high authority
Germany endorsed: rehabilitate Germany at international level
UK and Scandinavian countries refused
Italy agreed: to fight internal communism and restore international legitimacy

Question 8

What was the Treaty of Paris?

Answer 8

(1951) Free movement of goods -> Leads to ECSC
France proposed European Defense Community, a European Army, but shelved after 2 years

Question 9

Describe the purpose and structure of the ECSC

Answer 9

European Coal and Steel Community
Participants: Italy, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Brought into force by the Treaty of Paris
Aim:
First step towards “European Federation”
Common coal and steel; market was an experiment to gradually extend to other spheres
Using Spillover Effect: putting together policies outside political context, see positive effects, then ask for more integration in other sectors
Structure:
High authority: 2 members for Italy, France, Germany and 1 for others
Council of Ministers: 1 minister for each member state (COUNCIL OF THE EU)
Common Assembly: appointed members of parliament from each MS
Court of Justice

Question 10

What is the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 10

Includes: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and is Eastern block’s opposition to NATO

Question 11

What are the Treaties of Rome?

Answer 11

Parliamentary Assembly and Court of Justice would be common institutions
Established the EEC and EURATOM

Question 12

Describe the goals of the EEC

Answer 12

1958: European Economic Community (EEC)
Aim:
Establish a common market based on four freedoms of movement
Goods, Persons, Capital, and Services
Treaty Provisions:
Eliminate customs between member states
Establish external Common Customs Tariff
Introduction of common policies for agriculture and transport
Creation of European Social Fund
Creation of European Investment Bank
Develop closer relations between MS

Question 13

Describe the goals and structure of EURATOM

Answer 13

European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)
Participants: Italy, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg
Aim:
Share information on the production of atomic energy to prevent wars

New Structure:
High Authority: 2 members for big ones, 1 for small, and a president
Council of Ministers: 1 minister for each MS
Common Assembly: members of parliament for each MS
Court of Justice
COREPER: Committee of the permanent representatives for the MS

Question 14

When was the fall of the Berlin wall and what is the significance

Answer 14

1989 and it marks the end of communism

Question 15

When was the CAP born

Answer 15

1962

Question 16

What is the fusion Treaty

Answer 16

1965 Institutions control the ECSC, EEC, and EURATOM
Establishes a Single Council and Single Commission

Question 17

What is the Empty Chair Crisis

Answer 17

1965: Charles de Gaulle opposed supranational or federal integration and wanted a European political alliance system instead
He did not want to switch voting in the Council of Ministers from unanimity to qualified majority

Question 18

What is the Luxembourg Compromise

Answer 18

Put an end to the Empty Chair Crisis with France accepts the principle of qualified majority voting but if national interests were threatened, negotiations could switch back to unanimity

Question 19

What was the situation in Europe vs USA and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s?

Answer 19

European corporations could not keep up with US and Japan in technology
- US became first post industrial society
- Japans electronic sector grew 15% annually, surpassing European growth

Question 20

What was the Oil Crisis?

Answer 20

Following the financial crisis of the 70s, Politically generated oil crisis, led to significant increase in consumer prices, and lead to debt crises

Question 21

When and who was involved in the first enlargement

Answer 21

1973: Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark

Question 22

What shifts were made in the 1970s and 1980s regarding globalization?

Answer 22

Globalizing world economic system driven by tech, communication, and policy shifts
Neo-liberal views: economics could solve problems better than politics
Deregulation became the norm
Neo-conservatives: argued that inequality was beneficial and a natural outcome of individual freedom
Multinational corporations establishing subsidiaries in low-wage countries

Question 23

Who and when was the second enlargment

Answer 23

1981 Greece and 1986 Spain and Portugal

Question 24

What was the launch of single Europe act

Answer 24

1985: Enlarging the community to include low-wage areas was integral in European Integration
Barriers removed and national markets open-> encouraged competition among firms -> lower prices and wider consumer choice

Question 25

What was the Schengen Agreement

Answer 25

France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Created a single external border, promoted free movement of people
Imposes strict external border security to combat crime

Question 26

What reforms were made in russia in the 1980s

Answer 26

Glasnost: openness, opening up of the political system, letting the media have more freedom, and letting people be more involved in government
Perestroika: restructuring, bring Soviet up to par economically with the West, moved to a semi- mixed economy (semi free)

Question 27

What was the Maastricht Treaty goals

Answer 27

Lays out steps for introducing the Euro and the EU
Establishes the European Central Bank and the European System of Central Banks, to administer common monetary policy
Trying to control the growth of reunified Germany, France said Germany must accept the creation of a single currency; Germany said okay as long as Euro has same rules as their currency

Question 28

What were the 3 pillars of the Maastricht treaty

Answer 28

1) Supranational: European Communities: Compromise Economic Community and European Monetary Union
2) Intergovernmental: Common Foreign and Security Policy
3) Intergovernmental: Political and judicial cooperation: on justice and home affairs, asylum, and criminal matters

Question 29

What is the principle of Subsidiarity

Answer 29

Principle whereby the EU does not take action unless it is more effective than action taken at national, regional, or local level

Question 30

When and who was involved in Central Eastern Enlargement

Answer 30

2004: Cyprus, Malta, Poland, Czech, Estonia, Hungary. Latvia, Lituania, Slovakia, Slovenia join

Question 31

What was the Lisbon Treaty

Answer 31

Abolishes three pillar structure
Makes the European Council its own institution
Treaty of EU
Treaty on the Functioning of the EU
EU law takes precedence over national law
Merged Commissioner for External Relations and Councils High Rep to make: Foreign minister is replaced by high representative for foreign and security policy