Timeline Flashcards
1
Q
1399
A
- Henry IV gained crown by usurping Richard II
2
Q
1413
A
- Henry V succeeded the throne
3
Q
1415
A
- Henry V to leave for France, but Southampton plot led by Earl of Cambridge to replace Henry with Edmund Mortimer, but Edmund revealed the plot to Henry
- set sail for France with 12,000 men, captured port Harfleur, lost 3,000 men + supplies
- marched into Calais
- Battle of Agincourt, Henry = 8,000 men, French = 12,000 but Henry still won
4
Q
1417
A
- Normandy campaigns, English = 12,000 men, captured Rouen in less then 2 years
- French courts weak (Charles VI suffering mental illness)
- 2 rival French groups (Armagnac + Burgundian)
5
Q
1418
A
- groups of heretics in minority religious movement in England and planned to assassinate Henry, leader hung for treason
6
Q
1420
A
- May Burgundian alliance: Henry’s heir to inherit French throne, dauphin disinherited, Charles VI daughter to marry Henry V, Boulgne + Calais given to Henry
7
Q
1421
A
- Henry VI was born
8
Q
1422
A
- Henry V died of dysentery, Henry VI king at 9 months, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester = Lord Protector
- death of Charles VI, John, Duke of Bedford = reagent of France
9
Q
1429
A
- Joan of Arc leads defeat of English at Orleans
- Charles VII crowned at Reims
10
Q
1431
A
- Henry VI crowned in France
11
Q
1435
A
- 9th Sep death of Duke of Bedford
- Duke of Burgundy breaks Anglo-Burgundian alliance
12
Q
1436
A
- lost control of Paris
- Richard, Duke of York = lieutenant of France
13
Q
1437
A
- Henry VI took control of government
- end of Yorks lieutenancy in France
14
Q
1439
A
- peace negotiations, release Duke of Orleans after 24 year captivity
15
Q
1440
A
- York lieutenant of France again
16
Q
1443
A
- failed expedition of John, Duke of Somerset to recover Dieppe
17
Q
1444
A
- signed Treaty of Tours: Henry VI to marry Margaret of Anjou, £20,000 dowry agreed (never given), English give up Maine
18
Q
1445
A
- Henry married Anjou
- Yorks Lieutenancy ended again
19
Q
1447
A
- Duke of Gloucester died
- rivalry between Somerset and York sparked
- York = lieutenant of Ireland
20
Q
1449
A
- Henry backed attack of Breton town of Fougeres
- 29th Oct Somerset surrendered Roven, paid ransom but left hostages
21
Q
1450
A
- 1st Jul Somerset surrendered and left hostages again
- 12th Aug Normandy lost to France
- 2nd May Duke of Suffolk executed
- Cade rebellion
- 25th Jun Henry abandoned London
- 12th Jul Jack Cade died
- Yorks lieutenancy in Ireland ended (came back to England without king’s permission)
- Act of Resumption to remove Somerset from royal household, but he was ignored
- Sep Yorks 2 bills: personal grievances, general grievances
22
Q
1451
A
- England lost control of Gascony
- Henrys mental state began to deteriorate
- Somerset captain of Calais
23
Q
1452
A
- Dartford Coup, York didn’t have noble support so failed, gave Oath of Loyalty to king
- Anjou pregnant, York no longer heir presumptive
24
Q
1453
A
- Henry’s first catatonic state
- 13th Oct Prince Edward born
25
Q
1454
A
- 22nd Mar death of Archbishop of Cantenbury
- 27th Mar York made Lord Protector, wanted to reduce royal household, (especially Somerset)
- 25th Dec Henry out of catatonic state
- 30th Dec York pushed aside after protectorate and everything he did undone by Henry
26
Q
1455
A
- 21st Apr Council summoned, York + Nevilles not invited
- 22nd May 1st Battle of St Albans, Yorkist victory: Somerset, Clifford, Northumberland died. York = Constable of England, Warwick = Captain of Calais
- 9th Jul parliament opened and full of Yorkist supporters, renewed Oath of Loyalty to King
- 17th Nov Henry’s second catatonic state, York = Lord Protector again
27
Q
1456
A
- 25th Feb Henry out of catatonic state and York resign as protector
28
Q
1458
A
- 24th Mar ‘Love day’
- May Warwicks captains attacked Castilian fleet violating a truce, Anjou encourages council to arrest him so he retreats to Calais
29
Q
1459
A
- May preparing for war, 3,000 bows + arrows removed from tower
- 24th Jun meeting summoned, York + Warwick + Salisbury didn’t attend
- 23rd Sep Battle of Blore Heath, discredited Yorkist loyalty, Thomas + John Neville captured
- 5th Oct Edmund, Duke of Somerset = captain of Calais
- 12th Oct ‘Rout’ of Ludford bridge, Lanc victory: Yorkist lords fled
- 20th Nov Parliament of Devils, moved to Coventry, Act of Attainder declaring York and others as traitor
30
Q
1460
A
- 26th Jun Yorkists force march on London and welcomed
- 10th Jul Battle of Northampton, Yorkist victory: Henry captured and taken back to London, Anjou + Prince Edward fled North
- 25th Oct Act of Accord, York made heir instead of Prince Edward
- 30th Dec Battle of Wakefield, Lanc victory: York + Edmund (Yorks son) killed, Salisbury captured and killed
31
Q
1461
A
- 2nd Feb Mortimers Cross, Yorkist victory: Edward proved himself, then went to meet Warwick
- 17th Feb 2nd Battle of St Albans, Lanc victory: Anjou took time getting to London after
- 4th Mar Edward declared himself king
- 29th Mar Battle of Towton, Yorkist victory: Henry escaped, Anjou + Prince Edward fled to Scotland
- Edward entered York after Towton on Easter monday
- 28th Jun coronation of Edward IV
- Jun armies of Scots + Lanc lay siege to Carlisle, Lord Fauconberg dealt with it
- Jul northern raids by Lancs, Henry involved but they forced to retire
- Oct attack of 3 castles (Pembroke, Harlech, Denbeigh) led by Jasper Tudor, defeated by Lord Montagu
32
Q
1462
A
- Anjou made deal with Louis XI, if Henry gave up Calais, they would get armed support
- support came, Anjou + Henry + Somerset went to Bamburgh but forced to withdraw due to size of Edwards force
- 24th Dec Edward moved north, ill with measles Warwick took over, Dustanburgh + Bamburgh surrendered
33
Q
1463
A
- Apr Edward forgives Percy’s + Somerset, but Percy gives castles back to Lanc
- Jul full scale invasion by scots, lay siege to fortress at Norhan on Tweed, Edward raised taxes for army
- Warwick + Montagu confronted force, scots fled
- Nevilles made small raid on Scotland
- Anjou and Prince Edward fled to France
- Edward change from military to diplomatic tactics
- Oct truce with Louis XI + Scots
34
Q
1464
A
- 25th Apr Battle of Hedgeley Moor, Yorkist victory: Montagu ambushed on the way to escort Scottish envoys to york, Montagu successfully fought them off
- 1st May Edward IV secretly married Elizabeth Woodville
- 15th May Battle of Hexam, Yorkists victory: Montagu ended Lanc resistance
- 23rd May Alnwick and Dustanburugh captured
35
Q
1465
A
- 26th May Elizabeth Woodville’s coronation
- Jul Henry VI captured by Warwick in Lancashire
36
Q
1468
A
- Harlech in Wales surrendered after failure of French backed expedition led by Jasper Tudor
- Edward arranged marriage of Margaret (his sister) to Charles, Duke of Burgundy
- Jan Warwick appeared before king and council at Conventry in an attempt to put George, Duke of Clarence on the throne
37
Q
1469
A
- Apr Robin of Redesdale + Robin of Holderness revolt, both put down by Montagu
- Jun Robin of Redesdale revolt again
- 26th Jul Battle of Edgecote, Neville victory: Edward captured, Earl Rivers + William Herbet executed
- Sep Edward released as Warwick couldn’t prevent Lanc uprising in the North without kings support
38
Q
1470
A
- 12th Mar Battle of Losecote field, Edward victorious: before Sir Robert Welles executed, he confessed Warwick + Clarence (Edwards brother) were at the root of the rebellion
- 24th Mar Warwick + Clarence declared traitors, fled to France, not offered refuge in Calais so turned to Louis XI
- 22nd Jul Treaty of Angers, Anne Neville to marry Prince Edward, Anjou pardoned Warwick, Louis provide support to put Prince Edward on throne, in return help France against Burgundy
- Sep Warwick + Clarence landed in Devonshire and marched to Coventry with gaining support
- 2nd Oct king forced to flee as he had been deserted by vast majority of his supporters, welcomed by Louis of Bruges, Governor of Holland
- Henry VI released from Tower of London and Warwick pledge allegiance
39
Q
1471
A
- 11th Mar Edward set sail from Holland, attempted to land at Cromer but couldn’t so went to Ravenspur instead
- Edward reached Conventry to battle Warwick but he chose not to fight so Edward went for London instead
- 11th Apr London opened its gates to Edward
- 14th Apr Battle of Barnet, Yorkists victory: Warwick + Montagu + Exeter killed
- 4th May Battle of Tewkesbury, Yorkist victory: Prince Edward + Somerset + Devon killed, Anjou captured
- 21st May Edward re-entered London in Triumph, same day Henry VI died of ‘melancholy’
- Anjou ransomed by Louis XI and sent to France where she died in poverty in 1482
