Timed exams Flashcards
Ureteroliths and uroliths in horses, which are the two most common types?
Calcium phosphate (uroliths) and calcium carbonate (ureteroliths)
They are not terrible common in horses, but these are the most common in the horse
Bovine urolithiasis results in what most commonly?
Rupture of the urethra: urine leaks into all the ventral tissues and causes this massive ventral edema, which progresses to necrosis and sometimes gangrene.
Lung sounds bovine pneumathorax vs. fibrinous pleuropneumonia
Pneumothorax = free air moves dorsally, no lung sound in dorsal chest
Fibrinous pleuropneumonia = sounds dorsal chest
Aspiration pneumonia = cranioventral lungs sound
Medial patellar luxation signalment and c/s
Small breeds
Hopping, maybe skipping
No cranial drawer sign
No discernable lameness
Ddx
Rickettsial disease: shifting-leg lameness, generalized lymphadenopathy
Bovine Free gas bloat
Type 1 vagal indigestion
Associated with swollen mediastinal LNs caused by pneumonia
The signals to or from dorsal rumen receptors, which detect gas pressure and open the cardia, are compromissed such that eructation does not occur normally and free gas bloat occurs.
c/s: weight loss, calf feels full, poor appetite. Left side abdomen gas filled = left flank, poor rumen motility, percussion and auscultation = chronic pneumonia
Nervous coccidiosis in cattle, mechanism
Elaboration of a heat-lilable neurotoxin
Eimeria spp. coccidia
What medication should be administered to a cat with hyperkalemia to antagonize the myocardiotoxicity?
Calcium gluconate or sodium bicarbonate (moves potassium intracellularly), B-agonists (terbutaline or albuterol), and regular insulin plus dextrose.
Urinary tract obstruction: hyperkalemia in cats due to impaired potassium excretion, bradycardia (dogs)
Hyphema in dogs (hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the eye)
-Uveodermatologic syndrome
-Hypertension
-Lymphoma
-Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
Leading cause of chronic indigestion or failure of omasal transport in cattle
-Oral magnet, parenteral antibiotics, NSAIDs
-Abscess drainage and/or surgery
Dog with positive heartworm antigen test, negative for microfilariae, 30 days on macrocyclic lactone prevention
Dog had a prepatent heartworm infection when she was started on prevention
Prepatent period of heartworms in dogs is 6-7 months. Test performed within that timeframe since initial infection may provide negative results due to lack of circulation female adult worms antigen.
Grade 1 intervertebral disc disease (early)
IVDD
-Chondrodysplastic breeds predisposed
Tx
Weight loss program for 4 weeks, cage rest, multimodal pain control, NSAIDs alone not sufficient.
Treatment for exhausted dehydrated perfrmance horses
IV isotonic replacement fluids, 500kg = 30 liters for 5% dehydrated
(Plasmalyte, Normosol R)
St. John’s Wort toxicosis
Acts as primary photosensitizer and can lead to photophobia, conjunctivitis, sloughed skin, and icterus
Blue-green algae
-Causes sudden death
Slaframine
Causes hypersalivation
Cantharidin
Causes colic
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
Hypersensitivity reaction in cats
Tx
Initial: treat with 7 day course of prednisolone BID, then taper
Blood work: high eosinophils, most everything normal
Female ferret, Blood glucose insulinoma
Acute onset of severe lethargy, depression, thin body condition. HR 200 (normal 200-250) bpm, spleen enlarged, no masses palpable
Blood glucose low
Prednisone and diazoxide alone or combination
What is the treatment for this condition? what is the condition?
3rd AV block or complete heart block Tx = pacemaker implantation. There is no consistent PR interval; the ventricular beats are scape beats. Atropine can be considere, but it is typically not effective in 3rd degree AV block.
Distemper virus infection, dogs common age of susceptibility?
3-6 months
Ventricular septal defect in 2-3 mts calf, what are the PE findings, c/s? Hint: most common congenital defect in cattle
-Weakness, failure to thrive
-Normal temp
-Rapid RR, HR
-Loud holosystolic (begin at the first sound and last until the second heart sound) murmur on both sides of the thorax
-Maximal intensity in the region of the tricuspid valve
-Heard in the left side with maximal intensity near the pulmonic valve (far forward)
-Pulmonary edema, secondary penumonia
-Right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy.
-Increased blood flow through the right side creates relative pulmonary stenosis
Broiler flock, mortality, necropsy lesions: fibrinous pericarditis, pericarditis, perihepatitis and air sacculitis. What is the infectious agent “triad of lesions”
Escherichia coli
Large numbers of E. coli are found in poultry houses due to fecal contamination.
If the bird survives septicemia, they often develop subacute fibrinopurulent airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis as well as lymphocytic destruction of the bursa and thymus.
Goat, fed too much grain, given following c/s, where is the lesion?
-Blind, intact pupillary light reflex, opisthotonic, hypertonic, hyperreflexic and tetraplegic
Grain overload = polioencephalomalacia
Cerebrum
Diagnostic tests for Dermatomyositis?
Skin + muscle biopsy
Older dog with sudden onset of peripheral vestibular signs is a classic presentation for what? what test should always be included in work up?
Geriatric vestibular disease
-Thyroid hormone assays are a must because prevelance of hypothyroidism as a cause of peripheral neuropathies, including the vestibular nerver.
What is this rhythm in horses?
Atrial fibrillation
Septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease in turtles
Citrobacter freundii pathogen
-Petechia on the skin, liver necrosis
-Chloramphenicol is the tx of choice
Epizootic bovine abortion
Deltaproteobacterium causative agent identified in 2005
What is the most effective treatment for uncontrolled diabetes?
Cat currently receiving 15 units of protamine zinc insulin every 12 hours with meals
PE: mentally doll
Tx: external beam radiation therapy
Signs and symptoms of acromegaly
Which is the safest calcium IV treatment given Ca gluconate or Ca chloride?
Best choice for treatment of tetanic patient (hypocalcemia) = calcium gluconate
Arabian foal doing poorly, diarrhea scalding, crusts on the face, bilateral nasal discharge, pale MMs, what additional step do you recommend for the owner/farmer?
DNA test for severe combined immunodeficiency
Autosomal recessive genetic disease of Arabians.
Affected foals have lymphopenia, abscense of serum IgM, infection
Usually euthanized before 5 mts of age
Chlamydophilia psittaci, or avian chlamidiosis treatment with doxycycline. How long should you treat for?
45 days
Cryptococcosis neoformans in DSH cat “Roman nose” what are common diagnostic findings?
Radiographs of the head: increased opacity and turbinate destruction
Yeast-like fungus which has narrow based budding
-Granulomatous masses
Are cats usually affected by Blastomyces or Asperguillus?
No, not usually
