Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAVLE Buzz words > Bovine Reproduction > Flashcards

Bovine Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of teat lesions

What is the cause of proliferative teat lesions?

What diseases and viruses are reportable?

A

Proliferative teat lesions Pseudocowpox - parapox virus

Vesicular Stomatitis - Rhabdovirus
Ulcerations mouth, teats

Bluetongue & Herpes mammilitis also ulcerative lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What generally ASYMPTOMATIC disease and pathogen results in poor calving percentage?

A

Trichomoniasis, Trichomonas

-Rarely abortions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3-week old calf, DIARRHEA, anorexia, stiff neck and hyperesthesia. CFS tap performed, neutrophils mainly. Most likely diagnosis?

Ddx?

A

MENINGITIS

-CSF: elevated protein, neutrophilia.

Ddx

Listeriosis
-CSF: Monocytosis

Salt poisoning

-Does NOT alter CSF protein and WBC count by much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Beef cow pregnancy palpation, what is the most noticeable
30 days sign of gestation?

A

Chorioallantoic membrane slip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mastitis problem & Secretions

  1. Serum -like secretions
  2. Thick pus + cow not so ill
  3. Gangrenous or systemic illness
  4. +/- systemic illness & arthritis in goats
A
  1. Coliform = systemic and hot/swollen udders
  2. Trueperella pyogenes
  3. Staph aureus
  4. Mycoplasma mycoides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metritis - Dystocia signs
How many weeks after calving?

Ddx

-Brucella abortus
-Tritrichomonas foetus

A

-Fetid odor
-Watery, red-brown uterine discharge
-Rectal palpation reveals fluid filled uterus with moderate tone
-May have failure to pass placenta

within 2 weeks after calving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many injections of PGF2a are giving to synchronize a dairy cow? How far apart? Why?

A

2 injections 11-14 days apart

To ensure that cows that had an immature, unresponsive corpus lutes during the first shot are synchronized on the second shot

Additionally those that were synchronized on the first shot now will have a mature and responsive CL in 11-14 days

5 days apart is not enough time for CL to mature enough to be responsive, so they won’t lyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A bull bred a cow a few weeks ago, now pyometra. Most likely responsible agent?

Ddx?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

-Commonly associated with post-coital pyometra
-Causes embryonic death (early)

Ddx

-Campylobacter, EARLY but no PYOMETRA
-Brucella LATE term abortions
-Leptospirosis MID-to-LATE gestation abortions No post-coital pyometras

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calf born with a twin has enlarged clitoris, abnormally small ant-genital distance. Diagnosis?
What is the key hormone secreted by the male?

Ddx/Distractors?

-Lupine
-Ponderosa pine needles

A

Freemartin

Hormone: AMH anti Mullein-inhibiting hormone

-Lupine: causes fetal arthrogryposis if ingested
-Ponderosa pine needles: abortions late term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone would you use to induce abortion in a cow that has been undesirably bred within a week?

What is the source of the progesterone hormone?

A

<4 mts or on the last month = PGF2a

Corpus luteum, so destroying it would induce abortion

> 4mts: placenta is the contributor up to the last month

What about anywhere in between?

-PGF2a + Dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chorioallantoic membrane slip palpable when?

A

30-35 days

Amniotic vesicle: 55-60 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae, staphylococcus aureus, mycoplasma, corynebacterium bovis. Which one is an obligate pathogen of the mammary gland Gram +?

What is a CAMP reaction?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

-Subclinical mastitis
-May lead to high somatic cell count
-Dx CAMP reaction (S. aureus, S. agalactiae = lysed RBC and clearing on your culture plate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you relieve clockwise uterine torsion on a cow?

A

Push the vagina while rolling the cow clockwise relieves the torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which species is the carrier of Leptospira server Hardjo type Hardo-Bovis?

A

Cattle is the carrier

Tx: tetracycline and vaccinate

Pomona carriers: swine, opossums, skunks, raccoons.

Canicola: dogs, rats, swine, mice,

Bratislava: Horses

Grippotyphosa: squirrels, mice, muskrats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare pyometra signs between a cow and a bitch

A

Cow

-Few overt signs
-Dx via transrectal palpation or ultrasound
-Localized to uterine lumen

Bitch

-PU/PD
-Inappetence
-High fever
-Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epizootic Bovine Abortion

A

Transmission

-Ground dwelling soft tick Ornothodoros coriaceus
-Arizona, California foothills

Prevention

-Keep pregnant heifers out of the foothills until they are 6 months pregnant
-Abortions occur 3-4 mts after exposure due to fetal lesions
-Raise non bred heifer in foothills to develop immunity
-Keep heifers that abort = immune

No commercially available vaccine

16
Q

Mastitis: Serum-like secretions with clumps of fibrin, LPS endotoxin, udder swollen, hot, painful, and discolored.
Dx & Tx?

A

Coliform mastitis

Aggressive with IV fluids, NSAIDs, supportive nursing, antimicrobials BOTH intrammamary + systemic when severe.
Calcium if hypocalcemia, but SQ or oral to prevent cardiac arrest

17
Q

What is an unusual feature of bovine reproductive physiology compared to ewe, doe, mare, sow?
Can the cow be sucessfully AI after ovulation? How many ooocytes does she ovulates?

A

only the cow ovulates after the end of estrus

The mare, ewe, doe/nanny are seasonal breeders.

All listed species have epithelia-chorial placenta

Yes, AI after Ok

1 oocyte produced

Pigs ovulate large numbers of oocytes

18
Q

What is going on in the image? How long after parturition do uterine prolapses occur usually?
Tell me about vaginal and rectal prolapses

A

-Immediately or within hours after parturition. Tx: epidural, remove attached fetal membranes, clean, lubricate, replace to normal position, then OXYTOCIN and CALCIUM GLUCONATE for expelling fluids and prevent hypocalcemia. Antibiotics such as oxytetracycline if metritis

-Vaginal prolapse: during late gestation
-Rectal: straining or defecation associated

19
Q

Crepitus felt upon palpation of the uterus. Most likely Dx?

Ddx?

A

Macerated fetus
Caused by degradation of the fetus = crepitus

Ddx

-Mummified fetus: but sterile and all fluids resorbed, hard tarry mass left
-Pyometra: uterus distended, pus and usually postpartum
-Post coital: consider Tritichomonas foetus

20
Q

Do you perform frequent milking, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics with all types of mastitis? What do you recommend the farmer to do with Mycoplasma bovis mastitis?

A

NO

-CULL

Other mastitis Strep or Coliform

-Yes to tx

21
Q

Cow pale and tachycardic 1 hour after dystocia calf pulled out and cow goes down? most likely cause?

A

UTerine tear

22
Q

What organism is NOT zoonotic and shed in milk cow?

Listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter fetus spp venerealis, brucella abortus, mycobacterium avian spp paratuberculosis, salmonella dublin, Campylobacter jejuni

A

Campylobacter fetus spp venerealis Not zoonotic

23
Q

Risks factors for abortion & Signs

A
  1. Brucella abortus = severe inflammation including placentitis, retained placenta, metritis, lack of signs in younger animals/cows Last half of pregnancy abortions Calf pneumonia, autolysis
  2. IBR & Herpes virus = quickly kill fetus, severe inflammation throughout the fetus
  3. Listeria monocytogenes = fetus usually autolyzed, brain micro-abscesses present
  4. Neospora caninum = epidemic or enzootic patterns of abortion, typically earlier than 8 months and autolysis of tissues. Granulomas in the brain frequent. Necrosis of cotyledons fetal lesions including myocarditis, hepatitis, myositis and encephalitis.
  5. Tritrichomonas fetus: abortions in the first half of gestation, YES placentitis, and YES pneumonia in fetus absent
  6. Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis: early embryonic death
24
Q

Hydroallantois vs. Hydrammnios

A

Hydroallantois

-Disorder of placenta, prognosis for fertility poor and fetus life poor
-Rapid accumulation of fluid
-Enlarged, rounded abdomen
-Cow uncomfortable, reluctant to move
-Anorexia, decreased rumen motility, dehydration, weakness
-May go down and rupture prepubic tendon
-Watery fluids in the uterus 100-200 L
-Last trimester
-Thickened placenta upon ultrasound

Prognosis for fetus

-Guarded even with c-section

Prognosis for cow

-Not normal colostrum production
-Salvage for slaughter

Hydramnios

-Disorder of fetus
-Placenta itself normal
-Gradual accumulation of thick viscous fluid during later part of gestation
Pear shape caudal view of cow
-Placentomes and fetus are usually palpable
-Deformed fetus delivery, but pregnancy to term typically
Good prognosis for fertility and life of cow

25
Q

Abortions occur throughout pregnancy, fetus typically aytolyzed with foci of necrosis in liver or no gross lesions. Dx & Pathogen?

Ddx?

A

Dx

-Epizootic bovine abortion: “foothill abortion”
-Novel deltaproteobacterium present in Ornithodoros coriaceus tick

Ddx

-Bovine herpesvirus - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
-Ponderosa pine needle abortions

26
Q

What is the gestation stage approximately in months if placentomes the size of a half dollar size coin are palpable?

A

at least 6 months

27
Q

Can you confirm pregnancy with ultrasound at 15 days?

A

No, need minimum 28 days development

58-90 days fetal sex can be determined

28
Q

If a cow is pregnant, what is the MILK progesterone level at 0 days of estrous and on day 21 and 24?

A

-Low milk progesterone + high on day 21 and 24

29
Q

What is the effect of PGF2a in anestrus cow?

A

No effect bc a MATURE CL is required to be present for effect

30
Q

70% normal morphology of sperm, 30% motile, adequate scrotal circumference, normal PE, is the Bull ok and passes BSE?

A

Yes

31
Q

What is the most adequate treatment of penile warts for a 1 yo bull that otherwise passes BSE?

A

-Surgical removal of warts and sexual rest for 2-3 weeks

Cause: BPV-1 which can also cause warts in teats and nose

Transmission: very contagious, can spread via fomites in equipment but also directly from bull to bull

Puberty: 9-11 mts
Desired scrotal circumference: >30 cm

32
Q

What are some of the functions of PGF2a injection? What do gonadotropins do?

A

Gonadotropins cause super ovulation via maturation and ovulation of multiple follicles

33
Q

Tritrichomonas in bulls
Young or old/mature?
Carrier heifer or bull?
Effect on fertility or no?
Visible signs or no?
What is the “niche”?

A

-Mature/older bull
-Bull chronic carrier
-Heifer clears infection in 2-4 months and recovers fertility
-No visible signs in either male/female
-Niche: crypts of a bull’s glans penis and prepuce, thus increasing organisms thriving niche

34
Q

What antibiotic and route would be appropriate to use and least economic effects?

A

Dx: Endometritis
Tetracycline of ceftiofur but Ceftiofur least milk withdrawal times

35
Q

Post-milking teat dips and Escherichia coli mastitis

A

Can NOT prevent this type of mastitis

Pre-milking teat dips are useful to prevent non contagious diseases such as E. coli, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus sp. except S. agalactiae

Post-milking teat dips help with preventing the spread of contagious pathogens such as Strep agalactiae.

36
Q

100,000 to 200,000 cells/ml SCC, What is your interpretation?

A

Normal

37
Q
A

NAVLE Buzz words (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions