Time Period/Theme Flashcards
Period 1, 1492-1607
American/national identity
No cohesion among Native American groups, all different tribes
Different European groups, French, British, Dutch, Spanish
Europeans did not intend to stay in New World
Period 1, 1492-1607
Politics and Power
Spanish dominated
French/Dutch were more trade based
Treaties conflict w/NAs
Period 1, 1492-1607
Work, Tech, Exchange
New crops and goods into Europe, new tech into America
Mostly slave labor, NA and African
Period 1, 1492-1607
Culture and Society
Blending of Indigenous & European cultures
Exploration driven in part by religion
Period 1, 1492-1607
Migration and Settlement
Humans came to America across Bering Land Bridge, NAs
Europeans came to extract resources, Christopher Columbus etc
Period 1, 1492-1607
Geography/environment
Gold in Latin America drove exploration
Disease from Europeans killed 95% of Native people
Period 1, 1492-1607
America in the World
Competition between European powers as well as NA groups led to alliances and conflict
Period 2, 1607-1754
American/national Identity
English settlers considered “British” not American, largely identity based on colony and class
Period 2, 1607-1754
Politics and Power
Development of local power generally democratic in North, town meetings
In South, aristocracy by landowners
Period 2, 1607-1754
Work, Tech, Exchange
Emergence of trade in NE, fishing and farming, timber, furs
In South: slavery, indenture, cash crops
Period 2, 1607-1754
Culture and Society
NE life based around Puritan religion
Racial caste system solidified in South
First Great Awakening
Period 2, 1607-1754
Migration and Settlement
Religious dissidents from Europe came to North
In South, adventurers looking for wealth
700k+ enslaved people
Period 2, 1607-1754
Geography/environment
Climate/soil differences led to family farming in North, plantations in South
Illness in marshy South killed indentured servants/slaves
Period 2, 1607-1754
America in the World
Continued competition with NAs over land, scrabble between European powers to get territory and goods
Period 3, 1754-1800
American/national Identity
Development of independent national identity leading to Revolution
“American citizen” still white, wealthy male despite freedom ideas
Period 3, 1754-1800
Politics and Power
Conflict over direct representation vs virtual representation, taxes –> war
Articles of Confederation (weak)
Constitution (strong gvt)
First Party System: Hamilton v Jefferson
Period 3, 1754-1800
Work, Tech, Exchange
End of “salutary neglect” as English crown takes more control over American goods, shipping –> war
Slavery continues to grow in South, helped by invention of cotton gin
Period 3, 1754-1800
Culture and Society
Influence of Enlightenment thought on Revolution
Women played role in Rev. but not considered citizens
Period 3, 1754-1800
Migration and Settlement
Continued push against western frontier for land
Continued importation of Africans
Period 3, 1754-1800
Geography/environment
End of freely available land in East –> push west, conflict w/coastal elites and backwoods farmers
Period 3, 1754-1800
America in the World
Emergence of USA as independent power
Alliance with France helps win Rev. but worries many
Period 4, 1800-1848
American/national Identity
Growing American identity, fractured by sectional identity
Exclusion of NAs despite cooperation
Period 4, 1800-1848
Politics and Power
Expansion of suffrage to all white men in Jacksonian democracy
Conflict w/Nort and South over slavery in new territories
Democrats vs Whigs, Second party system
Period 4, 1800-1848
Work, Tech, Exchange
Expansion of infrastructure, markets, railroads/canals, telegraph, cities
Conflict over National Band
Emergence of factories (Lowell Mills)
Slavery continues to grow in South
Period 4, 1800-1848
Culture and Society
Second Great Awakening
Reform movements emerge (abolition, temperance, woman suffrage, prison)
Cult of domesticity for women
Period 4, 1800-1848
Migration and Settlement
Americans push west
NAs forced west - Trail of Tears
End of Int’l slave trade, internal trade continues
Period 4, 1800-1848
Geography/environment
Expansion of cotton in the S, expands slavery
Continued westward push, Manifest Destiny
Texas annexation
Period 4, 1800-1848
America in the World
War of 1812 ends British presence in N. America, ends hopes for NAs to prevail
Mexican War –> gained territory
Period 5, 1844-1877
American/national Identity
Increasing fracture along sectional lines –> Civil War
North victory led to THE United States, singular, not THESE United States plural
During Reconstruction, Black men in S were citizens
Period 5, 1844-1877
Politics and Power
Ineffective presidents, compromise of 1850, Fugitive Slave Act, pop. sovereignty in new states
Emergence of Republican party, wins election of 1860 w/Lincoln
14th Amend: equal protection
15th Amend: Black men vote but not women
Period 5, 1844-1877
Work, Tech, Exchange
End of slavery in 1865, move towards system of sharecropping in S
N continuing to industrialize, wins Civil War cuz factory power
Railroads cross the country
Period 5, 1844-1877
Culture and Society
Emergence of ideological defenses of slavery and militant abolitionism
Millennial religious mov’ts
Nativists - hate immigrants
Period 5, 1844-1877
Migration and Settlement
New immigrants coming from Ireland, Germany
Move westward continues, esp. after gold discovered
NA wars and reservations
Period 5, 1844-1877
Geography/environment
Discovery of gold in CA leads to gold rush
Large population in North, “breadbasket” states (NY, NJ, DE, PA - export grains) help win Civil War
North/South split, difference in economies
Period 5, 1844-1877
America in the World
US is largely isolationist in this period
Fears that G. Britain will intercede on behalf of South are not realized
Period 6, 1865-1898
American/national Identity
Increasing American national identity as USA becomes industrial power
Spanish-Am war reunites N & S
Period 6, 1865-1898
Politics and Power
Brief period of citizenship for Black men in S ends with Reconstruction and state-wide Black codes
Jim Crow segregation becomes law
Republicans in power
Period 6, 1865-1898
Work, Tech, Exchange
USA becomes world’s leading industrial power thanks to steel, railroads
Harsh labor in factories for immigrants
Rich corporations and Gilded Age
Period 6, 1865-1898
Culture and Society
Social Darwinism - belief that some ppl inherently better than others due to evolution
Period 6, 1865-1898
Migration and Settlement
Many new immigrants from S & E Europe
Manifest Destiny complete, “frontier closed”, psychological loss of utopia
Period 6, 1865-1898
Geography/environment
Cities are polluted, bad working conditions –> illness
West “conquered” with barbed wire, buffalo dead
Period 6, 1865-1898
America in the World
NA Wars, NAs nearly gone
Last era of American isolationism
Period 7, 1890-1945
American/national Identity
New European immigrants at first considered not American, by end of WWII are considered “white”
New World Power status
New era of federal govt intervention in economy, life
Period 7, 1890-1945
Politics and Power
Wilson becomes first Democrat to win power in 1912, then FDR from ‘32-‘45
Women suffrage 1920
Segregation, disenfranchisement continues for AAs, who return from WWI and WWII ready for civil rights
Period 7, 1890-1945
Work, Tech, Exchange
Major era of production and innovation, inci, phone, electricity, radio, car, flight
Laissez-faire economics lead to Stock Market Crash and Great Depression
New Deal, WWII end Depression
Industrialization –> postwar boom
Period 7, 1890-1945
Culture and Society
Backlash to minorities, immigrants
KKK
Culture in Lost Generation, Roaring Twenties, jazz, Harlem Renaissance, flappers
Period 7, 1890-1945
Migration and Settlement
1mil+ immigrants coming to US each year until 1924, first quotas
Great Migration of Black Southerners to cities in N
Period 7, 1890-1945
Geography/environment
New tech makes world a smaller place
Conservation movt begins
Ocean shields from war
Develp. of atom bomb
Period 7, 1890-1945
America in the World
Spanish-Am War
WWI
Isolationism in 20s, 30s
WWII - aftermath leads US to commit to intervention
Period 8, 1945-1980
American/national Identity
Period of expanding federal power and expanding power of citizens through civil rights
Era of pro-USA culture vs USSR
Disillusioned anti-war students with Vietnam
Period 8, 1945-1980
Politics and Power
Democrats in power until late 1960s, when Nixon takes charge
Civil Rights movement in 50s, 60s
Womens rights movement in 60s, 70s
Period 8, 1945-1980
Work, Tech, Exchange
Major economic boom as USA is only country unscathed by WWII
Baby boom
Invention of computer
1970s economic recession
Period 8, 1945-1980
Culture and Society
Religious era of 1950s
Social movements (Civil Rights, Women’s rights)
Golden age of consumerism culture, booming 60s
Emergence of protest against US gvt by students
Period 8, 1945-1980
Migration and Settlement
Move from cities to suburbs, era of cars
Very little immigration until 1965, when policy changed to attract skilled labor
Boat people from Vietnam
Period 8, 1945-1980
Geography/environment
Serious industrial pollution from 1945-1970
Begin to address serious pollution in 1980s - EPA
Dependence on oil fuels international conflict
Period 8, 1945-1980
America in the World
Cold War directs most US foreign policy, commitment to containment leads to Korean War, Vietnam
Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis
Slowly replaced by conflict in the Middle East in 70s
Period 9, 1980-present
American/national Identity
Period of increasing conservatism in gvt, with a movement to reduce size of federal gvt
Continuation of US as world’s leading superpower
Period 9, 1980-present
Politics and Power
Period of return to prominence of Republican Party and conservatism
Shift in political power to S and W following population shift
Period 9, 1980-present
Work, Tech, Exchange
Era of globalism has connected markets and ppl all over the world
Prominence of the internet and mobile phones has changed information consumption and distribution
Decline of unions, stagnation of wages
Period 9, 1980-present
Culture and Society
Period of “Vietnam Syndrome” - wariness of US to be involved overseas after Vietnam trauma
“Culture Wars” over changing gender, race, family structure, education, etc
Increasing diversity
Period 9, 1980-present
Migration and Settlement
Increased immigration of people from Latin America and Asia
Movement to S and W for jobs
Period 9, 1980-present
Geography/environment
Wars in Middle East led to efforts to reduce dependence on oil
Growing movement of eco-consciousness in energy, food
Period 9, 1980-present
America in the World
USSR collapses, ending Cold War
USA involved in conflict in Middle East over culture, oil (Sept 11, etc)
Era of globalization
