time Flashcards
used of 지난
means “last”
지난 주에 - last week
- refers to the previous week
마지막 주에 - last week or final week
지난 달 - last month
지난 시간에 - last time
지난 번에 - last time
지난 분 - lst minute
지난 초 - last second
can be put before a noun
지난 수업
next time
다음 시간에
다음 번에
both means next time
instead of using 일 일 this is more commonly used
하루 which means one day
날 is another word that means “day” and can be used as a stand alone word, but not counted
저는 그 날에 계획이 있어요
= I have plans on that day
우리는 그 날에 시작할 거예요
= We will start on that day
저는 그날에 갔어요
= I went on that day
If you want to talk about doing something on the first/second/third day, you can use 번째 with 날
첫날 is a word that specifically refers to the first day
저는 첫날에 명동에 갔어요
= I went to 명동 on the first day
우리는 두 번째 날에 서울에 갔어요
= We went to Seoul on the second day
우리는 둘째 날에 서울에 갔어요
= We went to Seoul on the second day
주 vs 주일
저는 4주 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요
= I didn’t meet my girlfriend for 4 weeks
저는 이 주 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요
= I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks
The word “주일” can also be used as a counter for weeks. This is acceptable, but it sounds a bit more natural to use “주” as shown above. For example:
저는 2주일 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요
= I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks
저는 4주일 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요
= I didn’t meet my girlfriend for four weeks
달 and 개월
When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently. When putting a number before 달, I prefer to write the Korean word. When putting a number before 개월, it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral.
저는 두 달 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months
저는 2개월 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요
= I took a Korean class for 2 months
저는 이 개월 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요
= I took a Korean class for 2 months
My Korean grammar teacher told me years ago that ‘동안’ is actually incorporated into the meaning of 달, which would mean that you wouldn’t have to say 동안 after 달. Still, though, most people use 동안 after 달.
년
Years are used just like weeks, which means that you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. When putting a number before “년,” it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral:
저는 3년 동안 형을 안 만났어요
= I didn’t meet my brother for 3 years
저는 10년 동안 한국어를 공부했어요
= I studied Korean for 10 years
저는 삼 년 동안 형을 안 만났어요
= I didn’t meet my brother for three years
저는 십 년 동안 한국어를 공부했어요
= I studied Korean for ten years
if you want to say “last/next year” in Korean
YOU CANT USE 지난/다음 년.” Instead, you must use separate words:
작년 = last year 내년 = next year
ALSO You cannot say “이번 년,” instead you must use the separate word
this year - 올해
나는 내년에 한국에 갈 거야
= I will go to Korea next year
그 사람은 작년에 죽었어요
= That person died last year
저의 어머니는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다
= My mom will come to Korea this year
Note here that it is common to see “에” omitted from the word “올해.”
You can also see in the section above that this is not the case with 작년 and 내년.
You cannot use 이번 when talking about minutes/seconds/hours. “I want to go to school this hour” doesn’t make any sense
이번 분 - this minute
이번 초 - this second
이번 시간 - this hour
they all dont make sense so you CANT use 이번 with them
but you can use 이번 시간 if you’re referring to THIS TIME
우리는 이번 시간에 많이 배웠어 = We learned a lot this time
In most other cases, it is more natural to use “이번에” instead of “이번 시간:”
THIS TIME
이번에»_space;»»»» 이번 시간
나는 너를 이번에 안 만날 거야
= I won’t meet you this time
번 can also be added after 지난/다음 to mean “last/next time”
저는 박물관에 다음 번에 갈 거예요
= I will go to the museum next time
저는 박물관에 지난 번에 갔어요
= I went to the museum last time
“Per”
When talking about each of these units of time, you can add the particle ~에 to indicate within that unit of time, how much something was done. You can usually translate this to “per” in English.
저는 이 약을 하루에 두 번 먹어요
= I eat (take) this medicine twice per day
저는 그 친구를 1주일에 한 번 만나요
= I meet that friend once per week
저는 여기에 한 달에 세 번 와요
= I come here three times per month
저는 1년에 두 번 미국에 가요
= I go to America twice per year
번째: First, Second, Third, etc…
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
For example:
첫 번째 = first
저의 첫 번째 친구는 착했어요
= My first friend was nice
저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요
= I didn’t like that first car
1, 2, 3, 4
두, 세, 네 번째
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요
= That second teacher was smart
저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요
= I chose the second man
세 번째 = third
이 여권은 저의 세 번째 여권이에요
= This is my third passport
저는 세 번째 문을 열었어요
= I opened the third door
네 번째 = fourth
저는 네 번째 사람이었어요
= I was the fourth person
이 아이는 저의 네 번째 아들이에요
= This person is my fourth son
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example:
이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 = This is my tenth class today
저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요
= I read the 100th page
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first 두 번째 = 둘째 = second 세 번째 = 셋째 = third 네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth etc.…
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children. For example:
우리 둘째 아들은 고등학생이에요
= Our second son is a high school student
우리 셋째 아이는 야구를 좋아해요
= Our third child likes baseball
이 아이는 우리 첫째 아들이에요
= This (child) is our first son
In these cases, it is common to just refer to the child as “one’s first” or “one’s second.” We often do the same thing in English. For example:
우리 둘째는 고등학생이에요
= Our second (child) is a high school student
우리 셋째는 야구를 좋아해요
= Our third (child) likes baseball
이 아이는 우리 첫째예요
= This (child) is our first (child)
However, it would be unnatural to use these words in sentences like this:
저는 셋째 문을 열었어요 (very understandable, but awkward)
저는 넷째 사람이었어요 (very understandable, but awkward)
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…” For example:
첫째, 저는 야채를 많이 먹겠습니다
= First, I will eat a lot of vegetables
둘째, 저는 매일 운동하겠습니다
= Second, I will exercise everyday
처음– First Time
처 음 is a very complex word that be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to its complexity). The two most common situations are:
1) 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning)
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요
= I didn’t like that girl at first
저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요
= At first I didn’t like PE class
2) Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened:
저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요
= I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다
= I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
When used to say “from start to finish,” the word “끝” is often used to mean “finish.”
from start to finish
처음부터 끝까지
저는 그 상황을 처음부터 끝까지 몰랐어요
= I didn’t know that situation from start to finish
저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요
= I reviewed that from start to finish
저는 그 책을 처음부터 끝까지 읽었어요
= I read that book from start to finish
