Timber Harvesting (4/28/21) Flashcards
A national policy that programs for the control of non-point source pollution developed in pollution in expedious manners so as to enable the goals of the act to be met through the control of pointed and non-point source of the pollution.
Water Quality Act of 1987
The portion of the act that focuses on non-point source pollution.
Section 3-19
Anyone causing the pollution or decredation of Mississippi’s _______ is in violation of state law ……
Waters
BMPs are _______ guidelines for silviculture practices aiming to control non-point sources of pollution. (Regulated or non-regulated)
Non-Regulated
A water course that flows in a well-defined channel throughout most of the year under normal climatic conditions.
Perennial Stream
A stream or draw that has a well defined channel that becomes connected to a stream in response to a storm flow.
Drain
A water force that flows in a well-defined channel during the wet seasons of the year, but not the entire year.
Intermittent Stream
The agency that monitors compliance and use of BMPs.
Forestry Commission
This agency reports its findings to _____.
DEQ
The loss of 1 in. of topsoil due to faulty site preparation techniques has been estimated to reduce the site index by ____.
5-10 feet
Minimum width of an SMZ on each side of a perennial stream.
30 ft.
Minimum width of an SMZ on each side of a intermittent stream.
30 ft.
Minimum width of an SMZ on each side of a drain.
0
Mound of soil formed across a road or trail designed to divert runoff water away from a road.
Water Bar
Extension of a drainage ditch to a vegetative area provided for the dispersion and filtration of storm water runoff.
Water Turnout
Carefully constructed out slope section of a road that serves as both a water catchment and a drainage channel while allowing vehicles to maintain normal speeds.
Broadbase Drainage Ditch
The angle or degree that waterbars should cross the road.
30
A natural or paved stream crossing suitable for shallow streams with stable bottoms.
Fjords
When conducting mechanical site prep, you should follow the _______ as close as possible except when chopping.
Contour
Causes the most soil erosion problems arising from a prescribed burn.
Fire Lanes
Is ultimately the responsibility of the _______ to ensure that pollution of state waters does not occur due to forestry activities.
Landowner
BMPs were mainly developed to help and maintain ______.
Water Quality
Cutting all the trees on the side of the creek may cause a reduction in fish population due to _______.
Increase Water Temp.
Decrease oxygen content in the water
The relatively undisturbed section of forest adjacent to an area requiring special attention or protection such as a stream, lake, or road.
SMZ / Buffer Strip
A layer or rock used to stabilize the soil that is subject to erosion.
Rip-Rap
Forestry activity runoff would be considered a ____ source of water pollution.
Non-Point Source
A sewage pipe draining into the Noxube river would be considered a ______ source of water pollution.
Point Source
As percent slope increases on roads or trails the number of drainage sources should do what?
Increase
As percent slope increases the width of your SMZs should do what?
Increase
What type of stream has guidelines that allow for a select harvest that leaves at least 50% of the ground cover in the SMZ?
Perennial
What type of stream has SMZ guidelines that allow a regeneration harvest provided other vegetation and/or ground cover remains to protect the forest floor or stream bank?
Intermittent
Culverts should be covered with a minimum of 12 in. of earth fill or the culvert diameter whichever is greater, or ________ the culvert diameter.
Half
What’s the primary objective to any safety program?
Prevent Accidents
Most accidents are caused by unsafe _______.
Acts or Conditions
Two most important factors in an accident prevention program.
Training and Job Knowledge
In logging the primary reason for a poor safety record is lack of adequate supervision and ______.
Poor Management
Which is an indirect cost of an accident resulting in an injury?
Increased Insurance Premiums
What federal agency inspects logging jobs for safety violations?
OSHA
What’s the most common method of training new loggers in the logging industry?
OJT (On the Job Training)
What does SFI stand for?
Sustainable Forestry Initiative
AF and PA members are required to comply with the SFI principles that include replanting of a clearcut within __ years of final harvesting.
2
AF and PA members are required to comply with the SFI principles that include limiting the maximum average size of a clear cut to ______.
120 acres
What is the green-up period?
3 years or 5 feet tall
Explain one method of crossing a stream used with a temporary stream crossing and what should be done to the crossing when logging is completed?
Culvert (Take it out when logging is complete.)
Explain one method of re-establishing vegetative cover on an erodible disturbed site in order to stabilize the soil.
Spread grass seed on it.
What type of soil problem might arise from skidding in a steep terrain with sandy soils, and what should be done to this trails when logging is completed?
Erosion (Spread slash on the road.)
When using a culvert, the outlet end of the culvert should drop at a rate of 1/4 inch per foot of culvert length to prevent ponding at the culvert inlet. How many inches of drop should a 20 foot culvert have?
5 in.
Mississippi’s BMP booklet lists 9 general SMZ guidelines, be able to name 4.
- Never use a stream channel as a skid trail or road.
- Cross streams only at a right angle.
- Avoid rutting through streams.
- Minimize the number of stream crossing points.
The forest industry developed BMPs to maintain site quality and to avoid mandatory government regulations. Explain why.
You want to protect site quality because you are protecting your land and your water quality and you want to avoid government regulations because each state needs different regulations.
(T/F) Tree tops and logging debris that fall into a stream should be removed.
True. Because it would not be there naturally. It is bad for fish and blocks the flow of water.
