Ticks Part 2 - Transfer To 1

Question 0

These two types of bacteria can be transmitted by ticks. Give their name and outline the strains and diseases they cause.

Answer 0

Anaplasma - phagocytophilum (tick-borne fever), marginale and centrale (bovine anaplasmolysis)
Ehrlichia - ruminantium (heartwater)

Question 1

Name four species of tick which can affect cattle.

Answer 1

Ixodes Ricinus, Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma

Question 2

Name two types of Protozoa which can be transmitted by ticks, their particular strains and the disease they cause.

Answer 2

Babesia - divergens (Redwater in EU cattle), Boris and bigemina (Redwater in the tropics)
Theileria - parva (east coast fever), annulata (Mediterranean theileriosis)

Question 3

The tropical bont tick is also known as what? It can be a vector of which bacteria?

Answer 3

Amblyomma variegatum can be a vector for Ehlichia ruminantium which causes heartwater

Question 4

This species of tick can be a vector for a disease caused by Theileria parva. Name the species of tick and the disease.

Answer 4

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus can can be a vector for East coast fever.

Question 5

This species of tick is not an important vector of TBD’s but can be found on cattle in Australia, South Africa and Latin America (tropics and subtropics)

Answer 5

Rhipicephalus microplus

Question 6

What is meant by endemic stability? How can this be applied to a tick borne disease?

Answer 6

Endemic stability is an epidemiological state of a population, in which clinical disease is scarce despite high level of infection. Bovine babesiosis, in endemic areas, causes little disease since most animals are exposed to it when they are very young and therefore protected by inverse age resistance.

Question 7

How are cattle protected in AUS against babesiosis compared with other countries?

Answer 7

In AUS animals are vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine whereas regular dipping or spraying with OP’s, pyrethrins or amitraz is more commonly used in other countries.

Question 8

Which species of tick has widespread resistance to acaricide classes?

Answer 8

Rhipicephalus microplus.

Question 9

Name three acaricides used to control tick populations in cattle.

Answer 9

Organophosphates, pyrethroids, amitraz

Question 10

How long would an individual be tick-free for if a acaricide with 4 days residual activity is used?

Answer 10

24 days - ticks have a three week lifecycle plus 4 days residue.