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PARA > PO Ecto/Endoparasites > Flashcards

PO Ecto/Endoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the morphology of an Ascaris suum egg.

A

70um

Thick, pitted wall

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2
Q

Describe the morphology of Ascaris suum adults

A

Large - 15-25cm

Males have curled tail (like a pig)

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3
Q

What is the intermediate host of Ascaris suum?

A

Earthworm

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4
Q

Outline the lifecycle of Ascaris suum.

A
  1. Eggs in pig faeces
  2. Development on grass for 4 weeks
  3. Ingested by earthworm - l2 hatch from eggs
  4. Ingested by pig
    1. Hepato-pulmonary migration
  5. Coughed up and swallowed and adult develop in the GIT
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5
Q

What is the PPP of Ascaris suum?

A

8 weeks

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6
Q

What three features of the Ascaris suum lifecycle lead to clinical signs in the pig?

A
  • Hypersensitivity to migration - pneumonia and milk spot liver
  • SI infection - poor wt gain and mechanical blockage
  • Liver condemnation and decreased wt gain - reduced economic gain
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7
Q

Describe this lesion

A

Multifocal to coelescing round pale tan/ white lesions ranging from .5x.5 cm to 2x2 cm. Soft to touch and affecting one lobe of the liver.

Chronic multifocal severe fibrosing parasitic hepatitis

Ascaris suum

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8
Q

How are Ascaris suum outbreaks controlled?

A

Condemnation of carcasses

Quick immunity develops with infection

Steam clean accomodation to remove eggs

Reduce contact with paratenic host - worms (outdoor not possible)

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9
Q

Which strongyloides are known to affect pigs?

Describe the morphology of the nematode.

A

Strongyloides ransomi

  • Small - 6mm
  • Hair-like
  • Small eggs
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10
Q

Describe the lifecycle of strongyloides ransomi.

A
  1. Free-living - moist, warm habitats
  2. Parasitic
    1. Percutaneous infection
    2. Migration to:
      1. Lungs
      2. Small intesting
      3. Mammary glands - TMT
    3. Excreted in faeces
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11
Q

What transmission routes are utilised by Strongyloides ransomi?

A

Percutaneous

TMT in sows

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12
Q

What clinical signs are observed in an infection of Strogyloides ransomi?

A

Diarrhoea and weight loss in piglets

Treat via BZ/ML and biosecurity improvements

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13
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris

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14
Q

Describe the morphology of an adult Trichuris.

A

Anterior to posterior thickness

Anterior end is thinner

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15
Q

What is th PPP of Strongyloides ransomi?

A

15 days

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16
Q

Describe the morphology of a Trichuris egg.

A

Lemon shaped

Contain L1

Highly resistent in the environment

17
Q

Describe the recognisable morphology of an adult Oesophagostomum.

A

2cm adults

Cephalic vesicle

18
Q

Which other nematode are Hyostrongylus similar to in other species?

A

Ostertagia

19
Q

What feature of Metastrongylus apri is indicative of larval morphology?

A

L1 tail knob

20
Q

What is the intermediate host of Metastrongylus apri?

A

Earthworm

21
Q

Outline the lifecycle of Metastrongylus apri.

A
  1. Egs in faeces
  2. Ingested by earthworm and develop from L1-L3
  3. Ingested by pig
  4. SI-LN- Lungs migration
  5. Coughed up and swallowed
  6. Adults in SI
22
Q

What clinical signs are associated with infections of Metastrongylus apri?

A
  • Catarrhal/ eosinophilic bronchitis
  • 4-7 m/o pigs
  • Cough, dyspnoea, nasal discharge
  • Decreased wt gain
  • Inappetence
23
Q

Name three zoonotic parasites associated with pigs.

A
  1. Trichinella spiralis
  2. Balantidium coli
  3. Taenia solium
24
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with human Trichinosis.

A
  • Fever
  • Oedema
  • Muscle pain
  • Periorbital oedema
  • Myocarditis
  • Meningitis
25
Q

When are humans at risk of ingesting Trichinella spiralis?

A

When eating undercooked and contaminated meat (eg pig, horse, game etc)

26
Q

Outline the lifecycle of Trichinella spiralis

A
  1. Larvae are ingested
  2. Migrate to muscle
  3. Encyst in porcine muscle
  4. Ingested by human
  5. L1 released, develop to adults and die
27
Q

What two transmission methods are employed by Trichinella spiralis?

A

Free living parasites are ingested

Faecal-oral route

28
Q

What legislation has been put in place to protect humans from Trichinosis?

A

2014 EU legislation - all boars, sows and pigs from non-controlled housing must be tested at slaughter.

29
Q

How is Balantidium coli transmitted to humans?

A

Faecal-oral route

30
Q

Balantidium coli causes what type of disease in humans? What groups are more readily affected?

A

Intestinal disease

More readily affects immunocompromised humans and malnurished (low stomach pH)

31
Q

How can Taenia solium be transmitted to humans?

What disease does each method lead to in the human?

A
  1. Eating cysts in undercooked pork - tapeworm develop in small intesting - Definitive host
  2. Ingesting eggs - metacestode develops in the brain and neural tissue causeing Neurocysticercosis - Intermediate host
32
Q

Neurocystercosis

A

Cysts of Taenia solium developing in the brain of human

33
Q

Isospora suis causes what clinical signs in the pig?

A

Piglet enteritis

Diarrhoea unresponsive to antibiotics

Low/ -ve oocyst counts

34
Q

Outline the lifecycle of Isospora suis.

A
  1. Oocysts in faeces
  2. Develop and sporulate in the environment
  3. Ingested by pig
  4. x2 asexual reproductive cycles = Merozoites in schizonts
  5. x1 sexal reproduction cycle = Produces zygotes
35
Q

How is Isospora treated in pigs?

A

Sulphonomides

36
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Sarcoptes scabei in pigs?

A
  • Ear lesions spreading to back flank and abdomen
  • Severe immune reaction
  • Pruritis
  • Erythema
  • Dermal hyperplasia
  • Secondary bacterial infection

Tx. Macrocyclic lactones

37
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Haematopinus suis

A

Decreased feeding/ growth rates

Decreased hide quality

Intense itching

PARA (16 decks)

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