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Endocrine - Dr Troutman > Thyroid Review > Flashcards

Thyroid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Complete lack of thyroid secretion results in the basal metabolic rate of the body to decrease by __ to __ percent.

A
  • 40

- 60

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2
Q

An extreme excesses of thyroid secretion can increase basal metabolic rate by __ to __ percent above normal.

A

60-100%

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3
Q

T/F: The thyroid is shaped like a butterfly.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

The thyroid produces what harmones?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Reverse T3 (rT3)-inactive
  • Calcitonin
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5
Q

(Thyroid glands) Cells that surround the colloid matrix are:

A

follicles of cuboidal epithelial cells

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6
Q

T/F: Iodine is NOT required for thyroid hormone synthesis.

A

FALSE

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7
Q

The thyroid produces __% thyroxine and __% of triiodothyronine.

A
  • 93

- 7

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8
Q

The difference between T3 and T4 is:

A
  • T3 is 4 times more potent than T4
  • T3 is less in the body
  • T3 is cleared more rapidly
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9
Q

Describe in sequence the how thyroid hormones are released starting with TRH.

A
  1. TRH (Hypothalamus) cause release of TSH

2. TSH (Anterior pituitary) causes release of T3, T4

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10
Q

How much of the thyroxine hormone is bound to thyroxine binding globulin (TGB) or albumin? (Both are proteins)

A

99%

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11
Q

T/F: Only 1 % of thyroxine hormone is free meaning that much is active.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

T/F: Thyroid hormone increases the size and number of mitochondria.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What are the cardiovascular effect of thyroid hormone?

A 
INCREASE:
-SBP
-Pulse pressure
DECREASE 
-DBP
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14
Q

T/F: Thyroid hormone will increase the number and affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

T/F: Thyroid hormone will increase the number of cardiac alpha-adrenergic receptors.

A

FALSE

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16
Q

What are some symptoms to look out for with hypothyroidism?

A
  • Cold intolerence
  • Depression
  • Fatigue
  • Thin, brittle fingernails
  • Weakness
17
Q

What are the causes of primary hypothyroidism?

A
  • HASHIMOTO’S thyroiditis
  • Surgical removal of thyroid tissue
  • to little iodine
  • radiation exposure
  • lithium
18
Q

What are the causes of secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Inadequate T3, T4 due to TSH not being released from the pituitary.(5-10)

19
Q

What are the causes of tertiary hypothyroidism.

A

Inadequate T3 T4 due to thyrotropin Releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalumus (<5% of cases)

20
Q

T/F: Hypothyroidism can cause infants to have poor APGAR scores.

A

FALSE : (Hypothyroidism can cause mental retardation and growth deficits.)

21
Q

What are the triggers for Myxedema coma?

A
  • illness
  • infection
  • exposure to cold
  • medicines
22
Q

What is the standard lab test for hypothyroidism?

A

Serum T4 assay

23
Q

In a serum T4 assay a person would have hyperthyroidism if they had __% and would be hypothyroidism if they had __ %

A
  • 90

- 85

24
Q

Levothyroxine has only __ hormone.

A

T4

25
Q

T/F: Armour Thyroid contains both T4 and T3.

A

TRUE

26
Q

T/F: Elective surgery should NOT be postponed in hypothyoidism until euthyroid state is achieved.

A

FALSE

27
Q

T/F: Thyrotoxicosis is an over supply of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues.

A

TRUE

28
Q

What are symptom of thyrotoxicosis?

A
  • palpaitation
  • fatigue
  • hair loss
  • insomnia
  • Staring gaze (exophthalmos)
29
Q

T/F: Graves disease has nothing to do with hypothyroidism.

A

TRUE (HYPERTHYROIDISM

30
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s disease which is about _______ % and is an __________ disease.

A

60-90%

autoimmune

31
Q

What is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Antithyroid drugs (methimazole and propulthiouracil (PTU)
  • Beta blockers (Propranolol (two roles)
  • Radioactive iodine
  • Surgery
32
Q

What is a thyroid storm?

A
  • Extreme hyperthyroidism
  • Can occur 6-18 hours postop
  • 80% patients not suspected of having thyroid problems
  • S/S: high temp.,tachy, CHF, shock
  • Treat the symptom (Sodium iodine , inderal/labetalol, cortisol)
33
Q

What causes a goiter in the thyroid?

A

-chronic stimulation by TSH

34
Q

What medication would you want to avoid in your anesthetic technique for hyperthyroidism?

A
  • -Halothane

- Atropine

35
Q

What would you look for in preop before a thyroidectomy?

A
  • thyroid hormonal status

- Airway status

36
Q

What would you look for in intraoperative during a thyroidectomy?

A

-neuro monitoring (Nim tube or “dragonfly monitor”)

37
Q

What would you look for in postop of a thyroidectomy?

A
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage
  • Superior Laryngeal nerve damge
  • Hematoma
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Tracheomalacia

Endocrine - Dr Troutman (7 decks)

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