thyroid nodules

Question 1

what is an enlarged, smooth , soft thyroid

Answer 1

simple diffuse goitre

Question 2

When is a thyroid bruit often present?

Answer 2

thyrotoxicosis

Question 3

What is a firm, diffuse, enlarged thyroid of variable size associated with?

Answer 3

Autoimmune thyroid disease - hashimotos thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis

Question 4

Acute tenderness in diffuse swelling of the thyroid (sometimes with severe pain)

Answer 4

Thyroiditis

Question 5

What is the most common goitre in older people?

Answer 5

multi nodular goitre

Question 6

What is the most common cause of tracheal / oesophageal compression / laryngeal nerve palsy?

Answer 6

Multinodular goitre

Question 7

what are the causes of a solitary nodule?

Answer 7

Malignancy
cyst
benign

Question 8

What are the risk factors for thyroid malignancy?

Answer 8

• irradiation

- longstanding iodine deficiency

Question 9

What are solitary toxic thyroid nodules associated with?

Answer 9

T3 toxicosis

Question 10

What is Reidel’s thyroiditis?

Answer 10

Reidel’s thyroiditis is fibrotic goitre —> raised inflammatory markers.

Question 11

What type of thyroid malignancy has 70% frequency, occurs in young people, has good prognosis and spreads locally and sometimes to lung and bone?

Answer 11

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 12

What type of thyroid malignancy has 20% frequency, is more common in females and has metastes to lung/bone?

Answer 12

Follicular carcinoma

Question 13

What type of thyroid malignancy has 5 % frequency, is often familial and has a poor but indolent (painless) prognosis?

Answer 13

Medullary cell