thyroid martin part 2 Flashcards
diffuse and multinodular goiters reflect impaired synthesis of ?
thyroid hormones
what is the most common cause of goiters?
dietary iodine def
pathology of a goiter
impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones lead to an increased TSH that acts on the the thyroid can causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the follicular cells
a goiter can overcome hormone deficiency and enter a _ metabolic state
euthyroid metabolic state
degree of goiter enlargement is proportional to?
level and duration of thyroid hormone deficiency (how long they have had hypothyroidism)
what are the two types of goiters
diffuse non toxic and multinodular
a diffuse non toxic goiter is a _ goiter
it is also known as a _ goiter
simple
colloid
what are the type types of simple goiters?
endemic: more commo, decreased iodinem goitrogens
sporadic: in females caused by goitrogens or inborn error of thyroid hormone synthesis (AR)
what are some examples of goitrogens
cabbage, cauliflower, brussel sprouts
what are the two phases of a simple goiter
- hyperplastic: with crowded columnar cells, symmetrical enlargement (follicles of different size)
- colloid involution: decreased demand for hormone or increase in dietaary iodine that caused the epithlium to involute and fill with colloid (brown)- glassy surface
majority of simple goiter patients are _
euthyroid (produce a normal level of thyroid)
what are the symptoms of a simple goiter?
mass effect: dysphagia, hoarsness, stridor, SVC
serum levels in a simple/colloid/diffuse nontoxic goiter
T3 and T4 are normal
TSH increased
children with dyshormonogenetic goiter are at risk for?
cretinism
what is a multinodular goiter
various sized nodules in goiter due to recurrent episodes of hyperplasia and involution (irregular enlargement)