Pituitary Pathology - Martin- HYPER PITUITARISM Flashcards
what is an endocrine signal?
this is when a chemical/hormone is released by cells and travels in the blood stream to a distant site to activate a target tissue
what is the most common form of primary endocrine hyperfunction?
neoplasia (except in the thyroid)
endocrine disorders can be classified as a _ production or an _ production of hormones. Or when they develop as _ lesions.
overproduction
underproduction
mass lesions
a mass lesion is _ (functional/nonfunctional)
non functional
but they can compress other structures and lead to under production of other hormones
true hormones (endocrine secretions are) are released by _ glands
ductless
what is autocrine signaling and give an example
this is when signals released by a cell stimulate itself
** proliferation of a T lymphocyte is stimulated by cytokines relased from other T lymphocytes
what is paracrine signaling and give an example
when chemicals/hormones are relased and stimulate a neighboring cell
** stimulation of post-synaptic nuerons by neurotransmitters from a pre-synaptic neuron
the hypolamaus is responsible for maintaing what?
the bodys internal balance aka homeostasis by controlling HR, temperature, sleep cycles, body weight, blood pressure etc.
the hypolamaus is responsible for maintaing what?
the bodys internal balance aka homeostasis by controlling HR, temperature, sleep cycles, body weight, blood pressure etc.
regulatory hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are transported by the _ to the anterior and posterior pitutiary
hypophyseal-portal-system
what substances does the hypothalamus release?
TRH, CRF, VP, GnRH, Dopmaine(PIF), GHRH
the posterior pituitary is simulated _ control
neuroendocrine/electical signals
the anterior pituitary is stimulated through the _
hypophyseal portal
the posterior pituitary is dervved from the _ and is comproised of _
neurohypophysis
pituicytes (glial cells)
the anterior pituitary is derived from _ and has _ cavity origin
adenohypohysis
oral cavity origin
80% of the pituitary is anterior
axons from the hypothalamic nuceli extend into the posterior pituitary where _ and _ are stored until released into the systemic blood stream
oxytocin and vasopressin
hypothalmic axons that extend into the median eminence release hormones into the _ which then do to stimulate hormone release in the anterior pituitary
hypophyseal portal system
what are the portions of the pituitary histologically
- pars distalis (anterior)
- pars intermedia with colloid
- Pars Nervosa with pituicytes (posterior)
the anterior pituitary has epithelial cells that are derived from the
oral cavity
what cells are acidophils in the anterior pituitary
somatotrophs
mammosamatotrophs
lactotrophs
what cells are basophils in the anterior pituitary
corticotrophs
thyrotrophs
gonadotrophs
what do somatotrophs produce
GH (growth hormone)
what hormone do mammosomatoptrophs release
GH and PRL (growth hormone and prolactin)
what hormone do lactotrophs produce
PRL (prolactin)