Thyroid Gland And Disorders Flashcards
Normal adult thyroid gland weighs about ____ grams
15 - 20grams.
Follicles are _______ in shape and lined by single layer of _______ epithelium.
Spherical
Cuboidal
Thyroglobulin Has a mol. wt. of _____ and contains ________ tyrosine amino acids
660,000
140
Minimum daily intake of iodine in food & water is ?
100-150mg
About ___ of absorbed iodide is taken up by the thyroid and ____ excreted by kidney
1/3
2/3
Transport
• ___% bind with Tyrosine binding globulin (TBG)
• ___% bind with Tyrosine binding Prealbumin (TBPA)
• ___% with serum albumin
• ____% in free form
67
20
13
<0.1
• _________ has largest capacity to bind T4 & ___ the smallest.
Albumin. This means that 1 molecule of albumin can bind lots of T4 the most.
TBG. This means that TBG gets filled fast.
• ____ has the greatest affinity to bind T4
TBG.
Secretion
Normal human thyroid secretes about:
____ of T4/day
_____ of T3 ,,
____ of RT3 ,,
80mg
4mg
2mg
T__– feedback at pituitary or hypothalamic level to
control TSH release.
T4
Glucocorticoids inhibit T_H
TRH
Thyroid hormones _____ number and activity of mitochondria.
Increases
Thyroid hormones on carbohydrate metabolism
T or F
- rapid uptake of glucose by cells
- glycolysis
- Increases Insulin secretion.
TTT
Thyroid hormones on Vitamin metabolism
- demand for vitamins is _______ leading to
______ Vitamin deficiency
Increased
Increased
Thyroid hormones caused Increased strength of heart muscle but this is depressed with marked increases in TH
T or F
True
Thyroid hormones cause decreased rate & depth of respiration
T or F
F
For the effect of thyroid hormones on GIT;
Increased gastric motility – diarrhea
T or F
True (according to slide)
Excessive thyroid hormones causes coarse muscle tremor
T or F
Fine muscle tremor (False)
Thyroid hormone – increases the rate of secretion of most other endocrine glands
T or F
True
Excess thyroid hormones can result in impotence
T or F
True. Both hypo and hyperthyroidism causes infertility
In women
- Lack of thyroid hormones leads to excessive
& frequent ___________
- Irregular period and occasionally Amenorrhea.
This irregular period is called ?
Menstrual bleeding (abnormal uterine bleeding) Oligomenorrhia.
Hyperthyroid woman
- Greatly reduced bleeding and occasionally amenorrhea
T or F
True
Infantile form of hypothyroidism is _________
• In adult it is called _________
Cretinism
Myxedema
Hypersecretion of TH:
Grave disease or toxic goiter
Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder characterized by increased circulating levels of ________________. These immunoglobulins are antibodies to TSH receptors on thyroid follicular cells. When present, the antibodies intensely stimulate the thyroid gland, resulting in increased secretion of thyroid hormones and _________ of the gland.
thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
Hypertrophy
