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FNA I > Thyroid FNA Part 1 > Flashcards

Thyroid FNA Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bi-lobed endocrine gland
Located in the anterior neck between the C5 and T1 vertebrae
Connected by an Isthmus
Wraps around the cricoid cartilage

A

Thyroid Gland

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2
Q

Two paired arteries provide the blood supply for the thyroid, what are they?

A

Superior and the inferior thyroid arteries

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3
Q

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone binds to receptors on endocrine cells w/in Anterior pituitary => stimulating endocrine cells to => synthesize & secrete —– ?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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4
Q

There is a Thyroid —– loop that occurs in Thyroid

A

Feedback loop

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5
Q

TRH then enters bridge b/w hypothalamus & anterior pituitary gland —
What is the name of this bridge which is also known as a capillary bed?

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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6
Q

2 types of hormones secreted by Thyroid?

A

T3 & T4

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7
Q

Differentiate b/w the 2 types of Thyroid hormones

A

T3 is scarcer but 4x more potent than T4 which is more prevalent

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8
Q

Why are the hormones referred to as T3 & T4?

A

T3: Triiodothyronine; contains 3 iodides
T4: Thyroxine; contains 4 iodide molecules

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9
Q

Although both T3 & T4 winds up in systemic circulation, which gets converted to which?

A

T4 gets converted into T3

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10
Q

TH targets the —- which causes —–
resulting in plasma glucose level increasing

A

Liver, Glycogenolysis,

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11
Q

Thyroid is organized into pools of hormones and stabilizing proteins stored outside the cell as —–

A

Colloid

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12
Q

Colloid is bound in a spherical fashion by —-?

A

follicular cells

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13
Q

—– is the functional unit of the thyroid

A

Thyroid Follicle

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14
Q

Follicular cell function- produce store and release thyroid hormones upon stimulation by pituitary-derived —- ?

A

TSH

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15
Q

——- present in the thyroid which acts as substrate for synthesis of Thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4)

A

Thyroglobulin- base glycoprotein

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16
Q

Divided into lobules of 20-40 round to oval follicles, each 50-500 microns, with a single layer of —— to low —— ?

A

cuboidal, columnar epithelium

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17
Q

Stroma contains —— , formerly called parafollicular cells (actually are intrafollicular), derived from —–

A

C cells, neural crest

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18
Q

Which cells produces Calcitonin?

A

C cells

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19
Q

Parathyroid —— calcium in blood while Calcitonin —— the calcium in blood

A

increases, decreases

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20
Q

—- are present behind the thyroid &
produce parathyroid hormone; done by the —–

A

Parathyroid glands, chief cells

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21
Q

Composed of chief cells (hormone secreting) and granular mitochondria rich oxyphilic cells

A

Parathyroid Glands

22
Q

Colloid follicle is lined by what type of epithelium?

A

non-stratified, cuboidal epithelium

23
Q

Increased iodine uptake produces —— ?

A

“Hot” nodules: darker in color

24
Q

Decreased iodine uptake produces —– ?

A

“Cold” Nodules: Lighter in color

25
Q

Hormone producing
Flat to cuboidal to columnar in shape
Honeycomb sheets
Cell borders are not prominent
Active follicular cells have more cytoplasm
Nuclei do not crowd or overlap each other
Very small, around the cell of RBC

A

Follicular Cells

26
Q

Round to oval nuclei
Appr. The size of a lymphocyte
Smooth membranes
Granular chromatin
Hyperchromatic
Small nucleoli may be present

A

Benign Follicular Cells

27
Q

Large
Granular eosinophilic cytoplasm
Hyperchromatic nuclei
Small nucleoli
Polygonal

A

Hurtle Cells

28
Q

These cells were first described/named when found in which animal?

A

A dog

29
Q

Non-functional oncocytic cells
Follicular cells which become packed with mitochondria
Thyroglobulin (+)

A

Hurtle Cells

30
Q

Abundant granular cytoplasm
Purple on (MGG) blue to orange on (Pap)
Nuclei are often eccentrically located
Enlarged nuclei
Binucleation common
Fine to coarse Chromatin

A

Hurtle Cells

31
Q

—- cells have HUGE nucleoli at times, coarse chromatin

A

Hurtle Cells

32
Q

Contains pools of thyroid hormones
Pink to Gray on Pap
Watery substance
Blue to violet on Diff-Quik

A

Colloid

33
Q

Orange core & blue outer edges on Paps

A

Colloid

34
Q

What is the follow-up for Thyroid?

A

6 mos

35
Q

Adequacy for Thyroid

A

6 groups of well visualized follicular cells w/ 10 cells per group

36
Q

—- denotes ANY enlargement of Thyroid glands

A

Goiter

37
Q

What is the most commonly encountered Thyroid entity

A

Goiter

38
Q

Super cellular
Small round dark cells that are columnar-cuboidal
Macrofollicular fashion

A

Adenomatous Goiter (Nodular)

39
Q

Abundant thick watery colloid in the absence of follicular cells can be deemed a benign —- ?

A

colloid goiter

40
Q

Subacute Thyroiditis also known as —- or —– ?

A

DeQuervain’s Thyroiditis or Granulomatous Thyroiditis

41
Q

Cytology:
- Follicular cells, epitheloid histocytes and multinucleated giant cells (Langhans type)
Lymphocytes, plasma cells ,eosinophils

A

Thyroiditis

42
Q

Another name for CHR Thyroiditis is —-?

A

Lymphocytic/Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

43
Q

What cells should you see in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

A

Hurtle cells (oncocytes) + Lyc

44
Q

Graves Disease is termed as —– ?

A

Hyperthyroidism

45
Q

Consists of goiter, tremor, flushed skin, exophthalmos (eyeball protrusion)

A

Hyperthyroidism

46
Q

Cytology:
-Tall columnar follicular cells
-Paucicellular
-Increased cytoplasm
-Colloid within the vacuoles of follicular cells with bright red staining called “flame cells”

A

Hyperthyroidism

47
Q

Cause of hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia, loss of phosphate
Possible renal failure
May occur in patients with MEN
Typically small

A

Parathyroid Adenoma

48
Q

Absence of colloid
Composed mainly of chief cells with clear cytoplasm
Similar appearance to thyroid (diagnostic problem)
Honeycomb pattern
No single morphologic criteria can separate PTA from MNG

A

Parathyroid Adenoma

49
Q

Why can a parathyroid Adenoma cause kidney failure?

A

It causes hypercalcemia which causes too much Ca2+ in blood - can cause kidney to fail

50
Q
A

FNA I (5 decks)

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