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Endocrinoloy > Thyroid Disorders > Flashcards

Thyroid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

This form of hyperthyroidism is caused by too much over production of TSH by the Thyroid gland

A
  1. Primary hyperthyroidism
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2
Q

This form of hyperthyroidism is caused by over production of TSH as a result of over stimulation of the TSH

A
  1. Secondary hyperthyroidism
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3
Q

TSH receptor antibodies are producing too much TSH. An autoimmune disease, mimic TSH and stimulate the TSH receptors in the thyroid gland

A
  1. Graves disease most common cause
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4
Q

Nodules that develop in the thyroid gland and act independently of the thyroid gland and continuously produce TSH.

A
  1. Toxic multinodular goitre
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5
Q

Bulging of the eyeball, as a result of inflammation, swelling and hypertrophy behind the eyeball

A
  1. Exopthalmos
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6
Q

Deposit of mucin under the skin on the anterior leg, specific to graves disease as a result of a reaction to the skin from the thyroid antibodies

A
  1. Pretibial myxoedema
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7
Q

What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Sweating and heat intolerance 2. Weight loss 3. Frequent stools 4. Anxiety and irritability 5. Tachycardia 6. Sexual dysfunction 7. Fatigue
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8
Q

These conditions are specific to Graves Disease?

A
  1. Diffuse goitre 2. exothalmos 3. thyroid eye disease 4. pretibial myxoedema
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9
Q

What would the clinician feel when palpating a thyroid with nodules?

A
  1. Firm nodules
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10
Q

What is the second most common cause of thyroid toxicosis?

A
  1. Thyroid nodules
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11
Q

Single abnormal thyroid nodule that is benign acting on its own secreting TSH?

A
  1. Benign adenoma
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12
Q

Viral infection with fever neck pain, tenderness, dysphagia, hyperthyroidism phase, hypothyroid phase, in which the thyroid levels return to normal.

A
  1. De Quervain’s Thyroiditis
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13
Q

How is De Quervain’s Thyroiditis treated

A
  1. Steroids if needed 2. supportive care NSAIDs
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14
Q

Rare presentation acute severe presentation of hyperthyroidism with symptoms of pyrexia, tachycardia, delirium. May require admission to the hospital for fluid resuscitation, anti-arrhythmic drugs and beta blockers

A
  1. Thyroid storm
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15
Q

How is hyperthyroidism treated? First line medication

A
  1. Carbimazole-Graves disease 4-8 weeks then maintenance dose when normal, can titrate. Given a high enough dose to block TSH and then replace with levothyroxine.
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16
Q

What is the second line treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. PTU-small risk of liver reactions
17
Q

A treatment option for management of hyperthyroid that is not a pill is?

A
  1. Radioactive iodine, taken up by gland and radiation emitted destroys a portion of the thyroid cells, by decreasing amount of TSH, can take up to 6 months and requires thyroid replacement.
18
Q

What are the precautions that must be taken when giving Radioactive iodine to patients?

A
  1. Pregnancy for 6 months 2. limit contact with children 3. limit contact with anyone
19
Q

Why are beta blockers used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Beta blockers block adrenalin related symptoms.
20
Q

What does Propranolol do in patients with hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Non selective blocks activity/useful in patients with thyroid storm.
21
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Hashimoto thyroiditis
22
Q

What is hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A
  1. Autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid gland, bodies immune system attacking the thyroid gland.
23
Q

What occurs in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

A
  1. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti TPO antibodies) Antithyroglobulin, first their is goiter and then atrophy of the thyroid gland.
24
Q

What medications can cause hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Lithium 2. Amiodarone
25
Q

A condition that results in the pituitary gland failing to produce enough TSH?

A
  1. Central hypothyroidism/hypopituitarism
26
Q

What are causes of hypopituitarism?

A
  1. tumors 2. infections 3.vascular (sheehan syndrome) 4, radiation
27
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Coarse hair/hair loss 2. weight gain 3. amenorrhea 4. fluid retention-edema-ascites-pleural effusion 5. fatigue 6. constipation 7. dry ski
28
Q

How would a clinician diagnose hypothyroidism?

A
  1. TSH 2. T3 and T4
29
Q

This type of hypothyroidism, the T3 and T4 levels are low and the TSH is elevated? There is no negative feedback so the pituitary produces lots of TSH to get the thyroid working again.

A
  1. Primary hypothyroidism
30
Q

Low production of TSH, related to the pituitary. TSH low and T3 and T 4 low

A
  1. Secondary hypothyroidism
31
Q

What is Levothyroxine?

A
  1. Synthetic T4 that metabolizes to T3
32
Q

When starting Levothyroxine, how often is the TSH level measured?

A
  1. Monthly until stable
33
Q

If TSH level is high, then what does that mean regarding the Levothyroxine dose?

A
  1. Too low needs to be increased
34
Q

If TSH is low, what does that mean in relation to the dosing of levothyroxine?

A
  1. The dose is too high and needs to be decreased.

Endocrinoloy (6 decks)

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