Thyroid Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Difference between hyperthyroidism & thyrotoxicosis
A
- Hyperthyroidism = characterized by increased thyroid hormone synthesis & secretion from the thyroid gland.
- Thyrotoxicosis = refers to the clinical syndrome of excess circulating thyroid hormones, irrespective of the source.
2
Q
Hyperthyroidism is most common in what sex & group age?
A
Females = affecting perhaps 2-5%
- sex ratio of 5:1
20 - 40 years of ages
3
Q
Nearly all cases (>99%) of hyperthyroidism are caused by ____ ______ ______, but a ______ cause is extremely rare.
A
intrinsic thyroid disease, pituitary
4
Q
Most common causes of hyperthyroidism (primary)
A
- Graves disease (autoimmune)
- Toxic multinodular goitre
- Solitary toxic nodule/adenoma
solitary - existing alone
5
Q
Uncommon causes of hyperthyroidism
A
- Acute thyroiditis = viral, autoimmune, post-irradiation, postpartum.
- Gestational thyrotoxicosis (hCG-stimulated)
- Neonatal thyrotoxicosis (maternal thyroid antibodies)
- Drugs = amiodarone, immunotherapy (ipilimumab, nivolumab)
- Exogenous iodine
6
Q
Rare causes of hyperthyroidism
A
- TSH-secreting pituitary tumors
- Metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma
- hCG-producing tumors
- Hyperfunctioning ovarian teratoma (struma ovarii)
7
Q
Graves Disease
A
An autoimmune disease that may consist of hyperthyroidism, goiter, ophthalmopathy & occasionally dermopathy (skin disease).
8
Q
Triad of Graves Disease
A
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Ophthalmopathy
- Dermopathy
