Thyroid Disease Flashcards
what is grave’s disease?
auto antibodies stimulating the TSH receptor
what can hyperthyroidism be due to?
Graves disease, toxic multi-nodular goitre, toxic adenoma, pituitary tumour
what are the signs of hyperthyroidism?
warm most skin, tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, increased blood pressure and heart failure, tremor and hyperreflexia, eyelid retraction and lid lag
what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
hot and excess sweating, weight loss, diarrhoea, palpitations, muscle weakness, irritable, mainc, anxious
what is the clinical presentation of Grave’s disease?
diffuse goitre, opthalmopthy (scleral injection, proptosis, periorbital oedema), conjunctival oedema (chemosis)
what is primary hypothyroidism caused by?
autoimmune (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis , idiopathic atrophy, radioiodine treatment/thyroidectomy surgery, iodine deficiency, drugs, congenital
what is secondary hypothyroidism caused by?
hypothalamic/pituitary disease
what are the signs of hypothyroidism?
dry coarse skin, bradycardia, hyperlipidaemia, psychiatric or confusion, goitre, delayed reflexes
what are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
tired, cold intolerance, weight gain, hoarse voice, goitre, puffed face, angina, slow, hair loss
what is hypothyroidism?
reduced metabolism
what is hyperthyroidism?
increased metabolism
who does Hashimoto’s syndrome present in?
middle aged and elderly women
what are the presenting features of Hashimoto’s syndrome?
goitre, hypothyroid features
what is the cause of idiopathic atrophy?
likely autoimmune - lymphocyte infiltrate, associated with organ specific autoimmune disease
what investigations are used for thyroid diseases?
blood, imaging, tissue
