Pituitary Disease Flashcards
what is an endocrine disease?
dysfunction of hormone secreting glands and negative feedback regulation
what is primary endocrine disease?
gland failure
what is secondary endocrine disease?
control failure
what is MEN
multiple endocrine neoplasia
what is MEN1
parathyroid, pancreatic islets, pituitary
what is MEN2a
parathyroid, medullary thyroid, phaeochromocytoma
what is MEN2b
medullary thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas, marfanoid appearance
what do hormones from the pituitary act on?
directly on tissues to cause effect
what control is the pituitary gland under?
hypothalamic control by the releasing hormones
what hormones are in the anterior pituitary?
TSH, ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, prolactin
what hormones are in the posterior pituitary?
ADH and oxytocin
what is the classic pituitary tumour?
adenoma
what are the two types of adenoma?
functional, non-functional
what is a functional adenoma?
an adenoma which secretes hormones
if a functional adenoma secretes prolactin/ACTH which group of people is this seen in and what disease does it cause?
<40yrs, Cushing’s disease
if a functional adenoma secreted growth hormone, which group of people is this seen in and what disease does it cause?
> 40yrs, acremegaly
what is a non-functional adenoma?
non-secreting adenoma, instead takes up space and the pressure of it impacts on normal hormone secretion
what is the visual defect seen with pituitary tumours?
impacts on the optic chiasm and causes visual defects
what type of surgery is used for pituitary tumours?
trans-sphenoidal surgery
what does insufficient growth hormone cause in children?
growth failure
what does insufficient growth hormone in adults cause?
metabolic changes such as increased fat and reduced vitality
what does excess growth hormone in children cause?
gigantism
what does excess growth hormone in adults cause?
acromegaly
what do you measure to assess GH?
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)
what are some acromegaly presenting features?
enlarged supra-orbital ridges, broad nose, thickened lips, enlarged hands, type 2 diabetes, CVS disease
what are the dental aspects of acromegaly?
enlarged tongue, interdental spacing, shrunk dentures, reverse overbite
