Pituitary Disease

Question 1

what is an endocrine disease?

Answer 1

dysfunction of hormone secreting glands and negative feedback regulation

Question 2

what is primary endocrine disease?

Answer 2

gland failure

Question 3

what is secondary endocrine disease?

Answer 3

control failure

Question 4

what is MEN

Answer 4

multiple endocrine neoplasia

Question 5

what is MEN1

Answer 5

parathyroid, pancreatic islets, pituitary

Question 6

what is MEN2a

Answer 6

parathyroid, medullary thyroid, phaeochromocytoma

Question 7

what is MEN2b

Answer 7

medullary thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas, marfanoid appearance

Question 8

what do hormones from the pituitary act on?

Answer 8

directly on tissues to cause effect

Question 9

what control is the pituitary gland under?

Answer 9

hypothalamic control by the releasing hormones

Question 10

what hormones are in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 10

TSH, ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, prolactin

Question 11

what hormones are in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 11

ADH and oxytocin

Question 12

what is the classic pituitary tumour?

Answer 12

adenoma

Question 13

what are the two types of adenoma?

Answer 13

functional, non-functional

Question 14

what is a functional adenoma?

Answer 14

an adenoma which secretes hormones

Question 15

if a functional adenoma secretes prolactin/ACTH which group of people is this seen in and what disease does it cause?

Answer 15

<40yrs, Cushing’s disease

Question 16

if a functional adenoma secreted growth hormone, which group of people is this seen in and what disease does it cause?

Answer 16

> 40yrs, acremegaly

Question 17

what is a non-functional adenoma?

Answer 17

non-secreting adenoma, instead takes up space and the pressure of it impacts on normal hormone secretion

Question 18

what is the visual defect seen with pituitary tumours?

Answer 18

impacts on the optic chiasm and causes visual defects

Question 19

what type of surgery is used for pituitary tumours?

Answer 19

trans-sphenoidal surgery

Question 20

what does insufficient growth hormone cause in children?

Answer 20

growth failure

Question 21

what does insufficient growth hormone in adults cause?

Answer 21

metabolic changes such as increased fat and reduced vitality

Question 22

what does excess growth hormone in children cause?

Answer 22

gigantism

Question 23

what does excess growth hormone in adults cause?

Answer 23

acromegaly

Question 24

what do you measure to assess GH?

Answer 24

IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)

Question 25

what are some acromegaly presenting features?

Answer 25

enlarged supra-orbital ridges, broad nose, thickened lips, enlarged hands, type 2 diabetes, CVS disease

Question 26

what are the dental aspects of acromegaly?

Answer 26

enlarged tongue, interdental spacing, shrunk dentures, reverse overbite