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ENDOCRINE > thyroid and parathyroid > Flashcards

thyroid and parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

visual signs of hyperthyroidism AND CAUSE

A

too much t3
bulging eyes
thin hair
tired look

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2
Q

anatomy of thyroid

A

in the neck
25-30g
thin fibrous capsule of connective tissue
right and left lobes separated by isthmus

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3
Q

t3 and t4 hormone role

A

increase BMR

brain maturation

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4
Q

If a patient has hypothyroidism, what will their bloods look like

A

T3 hormone will be low, T4 hormone will be low, Thyroid stimulating hormone will be high

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5
Q

thyroid hormone synthesis basics

A

release in response to low iodine uptake
tsh binds to TSHR
Iodine enters cell against conc grad with na/i transporter with atp
thyroglobulin in centre of cell, iodine can bind to this with thyroperoxidase

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6
Q

what is important for thyroid hormone production

A

iodine

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7
Q

in what space is the thyroid gland

A

C5-T1

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8
Q

HOW is the thyroid seperated into two glands

A

by an isthmus

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9
Q

blood supply to thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid arteries- branch of external carotid
supplies anterior and superior portion of gland

inferior thyroid artery - branching of subclavian artery
supplies posterior inferior aspect of gland

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10
Q

thyroid production of T3 and T4

A

ATE ICE

A- 2nd AT if I with Na/ I symporter
T- thyroglobulin is produced from SER in follicular cell
E- exocytosis of thyroglobulin into follicular lumen via pendrin

I- Iodination of tyrosine molecules on thyroglobulin molecules with thyroid peroxidase to form MIT and DIT
C- coupling of MIT and DIT to make T3 , dit x2 to make T4
E- endocytosis of T3 and T4 into follicular cells , proteases act on the vesicle to free T3/T4

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11
Q

where is thyroglobulin n stored until it is needed

A

colloid

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12
Q

what is MIT

A

Monoiodidietyrosine

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13
Q

what is DIT

A

Diodotyrosine

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14
Q

in what proportion are t3 and t4 formed

A

T4> T3

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15
Q

how does t3 aid in metabolic action

A

t3- stimulates carb absorption in SI
Increase FA release from adipocytes

Increase BMR so more energy for metabolism

increase body temp for homeostasis

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16
Q

action of t3 in brain maturation

A

formation of axon terminals and synapses
growth of dendrites
formation of myelin

17
Q

what is thyroxine also known as

A

T4

18
Q

What is triodothyronine also known as

A

T3

19
Q

is t3 or t4 more active

A

T3

20
Q

regulation of T3 AND T4

A

by tsh

stimulates production and increases follicular cell protein synthesis

21
Q

where is the parathyroid gland

A

on posterior aspect of thyroid gland

22
Q

three ways parathyroid hormone regulates Ca2+

A

1- in bones binds to receptors on osteoblasts to release cytokines, macrophages join and form osteoclast which are bone eating, release ca

2- binds to DCT on principle cells to make more Na/ Ca channels , more Ca uptake

3- activate cholecalciferol to active vit D

ENDOCRINE (4 decks)

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