Thyroid Flashcards
Which of the following statements is (are) true?
A. The cells of the thyroid follicles produce the thyroid
hormones called T4 and T3.
B. When the cells of the thyroid follicles undergo malignant
transformation, they lead to medullary carcinoma.
C. The second set of cells in the thyroid gland are called A
cells and they produce the hormone calcitonin.
D. If the A cells undergo malignant transformation, they lead
to papillary, follicular and aplastic carcinomas.
E. all of the above are true.
The cells of the thyroid follicles produce the thyroid
hormones called T4 and T3
Due to the superficial location of the thyroid, _________
frequency linear array transducers are preferred for scanning purposes.
E. 10 MHz and higher
Which hormone causes ovulation on Day 14? A. FSH B. LH C. Estrogen D. Progesterone
B. LSH
It is important to characterize the echogenicity of nodules
because
A. hypoechoic lesions tend to have a greater clinical
likelihood for malignancy
B. echogenic lesions tend to have a greater clinical likelihood
for malignancy
C. isoechoic lesions tend to have a greater clinical likelihood
for malignancy
D. B and C above.
A. hypoechoic lesions tend to have a greater clinical
likelihood for malignancy
Which of the following statements is (are) true?
A. Areas of cystic change within the nodule should be
identified, as this indicates a lesion that is likely to be benign.
B. Fine punctate areas of calcification often appear
sonographically as high amplitude echoes without acoustic shadowing and are
typical for malignant calcifications related to psammoma bodies.
C. Color Doppler of thyroid nodules is highly specific in
differentiating benign from malignant as malignant nodules primarily
demonstrate prominent internal vascularity.
D. A & B above are true.
E. B & C above are true
D. A & B above are true.
A. Areas of cystic change within the nodule should be
identified, as this indicates a lesion that is likely to be benign.
B. Fine punctate areas of calcification often appear
sonographically as high amplitude echoes without acoustic shadowing and are
typical for malignant calcifications related to psammoma bodies.
Benign lesions of the thyroid include A. colloid cysts B. lymphoma C. hyperplastic or adenomatous nodules D. A & C
D. A & C
A. colloid cysts
C. hyperplastic or adenomatous nodules
Which of the following statements is (are) true?
A. In general, benign lesions are isoechoic or echogenic
compared to normal background echogenicity of the thyroid.
B. Hyperplastic and adenomatous nodules often have a thick,
incomplete or irregular halo on the periphery of the lesion.
C. Color Doppler will reveal vascular flow within the nodules
that have undergone hemorrhagic degeneration.
D. Calcification is relatively common with benign nodules, it
is frequently curvilinear and peripheral, and is often referred to as
“eggshell” calcification.
E. All of the above statements are true.
A. In general, benign lesions are isoechoic or echogenic
compared to normal background echogenicity of the thyroid
True cystic lesions of the thyroid are most often colloid
cysts. They are predominantly
A. hyperechoic but may have the presence of tiny high amplitude
echoes casting reverberation artifacts known as comet-tails.
B. anechoic but may have the presence of tiny high amplitude
echoes casting reverberation artifacts known as comet-tails.
C. anechoic and usually have the presence of curvilinear
calcifications known as “egg-shell” calcifications.
D. hyperechoic and usually have the presence of curvilinear
calcifications known as “egg-shell” calcifications.
E. isoechoic with no other specific findings.
B. anechoic but may have the presence of tiny high amplitude
echoes casting reverberation artifacts known as comet-tails.
- A benign inflammatory condition of the thyroid is known as
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. In more chronic cases of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis,
the typical sonographic features include
A. a diffusely enlarged gland demonstrating hypoechoic areas
with a very disorganized and heterogeneous pattern
B. a predominantly anechoic appearance but may have the
presence of tiny high amplitude echoes casting reverberation artifacts known
as comet-tails.
C. Due to the chronic inflammation, color Doppler may
demonstrate prominent vascularity within areas of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis.
D. A & C above.
E. All of the above
D. A & C above.
A. a diffusely enlarged gland demonstrating hypoechoic areas
with a very disorganized and heterogeneous pattern
C. Due to the chronic inflammation, color Doppler may
demonstrate prominent vascularity within areas of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy. A. Follicular B. Medullary C. Papillary D. Aplastic E. Lymphoma
C. Papillary
1. Although uncommon, metastases to the thyroid gland may occur with the following: 1. lung cancer 2. breast cancer 3. colon cancer 4. sarcoma A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 4 C. 1, 2 and 3 D. none of the above
C. 1, 2 and 3
- lung cancer
- breast cancer
- colon cancer
Sonographic features suggesting a malignant thyroid nodule
include
A. Increased internal flow on color Doppler is often seen and
this is a specific finding because it is not encountered with benign
nodules.
B. a poorly defined margin, hypoechoicity and punctate
calcifications (psammomatous calcification).
C. well-defined, thin halos seen on the periphery
D. A & B above
E. all of the above
B. a poorly defined margin, hypoechoicity and punctate
calcifications (psammomatous calcification).
Nearly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the population has sonographically demonstrable thyroid nodules. A. 15% B. 25% C. 40% D. 50% E. 30%
C. 40%
The clinical factors that might suggest an increased risk for thyroid cancer include A. prior-neck radiation B. MEN-II Syndrome C. known prior thyroid cancer D. a positive neck node E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Due to the superficial location of the thyroid, _________ frequency linear array transducers
are preferred for scanning purposes.
d. 10 MHz and higher
In general, patients with nodules, with _____ are not appropriate for biopsy.
d. Less than 1cm in diameter
