Thyroid

Question 1

What is normal isthmus measurements?

Answer 1

2-6mm

Question 2

Which muscles are directly anterior and which are lateral to the thyroid?

Answer 2

Anterior: strap muscles
Lateral: SCM

Question 3

Where is the most common site for thyroid cancer to metastasize?

Answer 3

Cervical lymph nodes around carotids

Question 4

What is the functional unit of the thyroid?

Answer 4

The follicle

Question 5

What is the function of the thyroid?

Answer 5

Endocrine gland

Question 6

Under secretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 6

Hypothyroidism

Question 7

Hashimoto’s, iodine deficiency

Answer 7

Causes of hypothyroidism

Question 8

Overproduction of thyroid hormones

Answer 8

Hyperthyroidism

Question 9

Grave’s disease, thyroiditis

Answer 9

A few causes of hyperthyroidism

Question 10

Echogenic foci with comet tail artifact within a cystic structure in the thyroid

Answer 10

Colloid cyst

Question 11

Congenital abnormality in midline neck.

Answer 11

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 12

What is the most common type of thyroid adenoma?

Answer 12

Follicular adenoma

Question 13

Benign neoplasm with a capsule, affects women more than men

Answer 13

Adenomas

Question 14

Fever, swelling and tenderness of gland

Answer 14

Thyroiditis

Question 15

Most common form of adult hypothyroidism

Answer 15

Hashimoto’s

Question 16

Hashimoto’s, acute suppurative, subacute granulomatous (De Quervain)

Answer 16

Thyroiditis

Question 17

Bacterial infection in the thyroid

Answer 17

Acute suppurative thyroiditis

Question 18

Viral infection of the thyroid

Answer 18

Subacute granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis

Question 19

Rarest form of thyroiditis and causes complete destruction of the gland

Answer 19

Invasive fibrous

Question 20

3 types of hyperplasia (Goiter)

Answer 20

• Grave’s disease
• nontoxic Goiter
• multinodular Goiter

Question 21

Another name for hyperplasia

Answer 21

Goiter

Question 22

Diffuse toxic Goiter, hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

Grave’s disease

Question 23

Multinodular Goiter

Answer 23

Adenomatous, enlarged

Question 24

List 4 sonographic findings of malignant lesions

Answer 24

• variable
• hypoechoic is more worrisome
• poorly defined, jagged borders
  -absence of a halo/eggshell calcifications
  -micro calcs
  -taller than wide
  -enlarged lymph nodes

Question 25

Most common/least aggressive thyroid cancer

Answer 25

Papillary carcinoma

Question 26

What is the second most common malignancy and more aggressive?

Answer 26

Follicular carcinoma

Question 27

Secretes calcitonin and metastasize readily

Answer 27

Medullary carcinoma

Question 28

Rarest, most aggressive form of thyroid cancer

Answer 28

Anaplastic carcinoma

Question 29

What are 3 criteria for benign thyroid lesions?

Answer 29

-regular, well defined borders -thin, hypoechoic halo -solitary or multiple cysts within mass -hyperechoic -wider than tall -large calcifications, especially around periphery

Question 30

What is the most aggressive thyroid cancer?

Answer 30

Anaplastic

Question 31

Which diffuse thyroid process causes hyperthyroidism?

Answer 31

Graves

Question 32

What is the most common worldwide cause of multinodular Goiter?

Answer 32

Iodine deficiency

Question 33

What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 33

Parathyroid adenoma

Question 34

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced?

Answer 34

Pituitary gland