Thrush-Immunoglobulins Flashcards
how many epitopes can a single anitbody bind? and are all antibodies from a B cell able to bind that epitope?
one. yes
electrophoresis can detect the cancer of B cells in relatively narrow peaks called “M spike”. What is the name of that cancer? And what is the cancer B cell producing in this state?
multiple myelomas
monoclonal Ig
what type of protein is found in a patients urine that has over production of light chains?
Bence-Jones protein
in antibody structure how many light chains and heavy chains are there?
2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains
what holds H-chains together in the hinge region and joins L-chains and H-chains in the Cl region?
disulfide bonds
how many classes of heavy chains and light chains exist?
5 heavy (isotypes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD) 2 light (kappa and lambda)
on what end does the antibody bind to the antigen?
N-terminal end
what are intrachain disulfide binds between?
H and L chains
complementairy determining regions are also known as what? and which region makes the most contact with the antigen?
hypervariable regions.
CDR3
what region of the CDRs are the least variable?
framework regions
what are the isotypes of light chain antibodies?
either kappa or lambda
60% have kappa
40% have lambda
What antibody is the most abundant in the blood? Which is the least?
IgG and IgE
what can IgG and IgM both activate? Which is better at it?
complement - IgM
in B cells: are IgM and IgD both monomeric as they leave the bone marrow?
yes because they haven’t been exposed to antigens yet
what Ig is the primary immune response? and what activation site is it best at?
IgM
C activation
