Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Name the elements of haemostasis
A
- Primary haemostasis
- Blood coagulation
- Fibrinolysis
2
Q
What are the steps in primary haemostasis?
A
- Vasoconstriction
- Platelet adhesion
- Platelet aggregation
3
Q
What is a thrombus?
A
A clot arising in the wrong place
4
Q
List the components of Virchow’s triad (thrombosis)
A
- Statis
- Vessel damage
- Hypercoagulability
5
Q
Name the risk factors for thrombosis
A
- Bed rest
- Travel
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
- Atherosclerosis
6
Q
Name the three types of thrombosis
A
- Arterial
- Venous
- Microvascular
7
Q
Describe the features of an arterial thrombus
A
- White clot: platelets and fibrin
- Results in ischaemia and infarction
- Principally secondary to atherosclerosis
8
Q
Give examples of arterial thromboembolism
A
- MI
- Unstable angina
- Stroke
- TIA
- Limb ischaemia
9
Q
What are the risk factors for arterial thrombosis?
A
- Age
- Smoking
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Hypercholesterolaemia
10
Q
How can arterial thrombosis be managed?
A
- Primary prevention: lifestyle modifications and treatment of vascular risk factors
- Acute presentation: thrombolysis and antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs
- Secondary prevention
11
Q
Describe the features of a venous thrombus
A
- Red thrombus: fibrin and red cells
- Results in back pressure
- Principally due to stasis and hypercoagulability
12
Q
Give examples of venous thromboembolism
A
- DVT
- PE
- Visceral venous thrombosis
- Intracranial venous thrombosis
- Superficial thrombophlebitis
13
Q
What are the risk factors for venous thromboembolism?
A
- Increasing age
- Pregnancy
- Hormonal therapy
- Tissue trauma
- Immobility
- Surgery
- Obesity
- Systemic disease
- FH
14
Q
Which systemic diseases can increase the risk of venous thrombosis
A
- Cancer
- Myeloproliferative neoplasm
- Autoimmune disease: IBD, connective tissue disease e.g. SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (causes arterial and venous thrombosis)
15
Q
How can a suspected diagnosis of venous thrombosis be made?
A
- Probability score: Wells or Geneva score
- D-dimer if probability score is low
- Imaging: doppler, V/Q scan, CT pulmonary angiogram etc.
