Thrombosis

Question 1

Thrombosis definition

Answer 1

The occlusion of blood vessels leading to ischaemia

This may result in cell death in the affected tissue

Question 2

Thrombi

Answer 2

The majority of thrombi are caused by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques

Question 3

Risk factors for thrombosis

Answer 3

• Lack of mobility
• Surgery
• Atrial fibrillation
• Artificial heart valves

Question 4

Hirudin

Answer 4

A peptide identified from leeches

Inhibits thrombin, acting as an anti-coagulant

Question 5

Heparin

Answer 5

Binds to the plasma protein anti-thrombin II

This inhibits thrombin, acting as an anti-coagulant

Cannot be administered orally as it is a carbohydrate molecule

Question 6

Warfarin

Answer 6

Vitamin K antagonist

Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, leading to an inhibition of clotting factor production

Slow onset and offset

Acts as an anti-coagulant

Question 7

Platelet aggregation

Answer 7

When platelets are activated by become sticky and clump together around the wound, as well as changing shape

Question 8

Aspirin

Answer 8

An anti-platelet drug

Irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, preventing thromboxane A2 synthesis

Question 9

Thienopyridines

Answer 9

An anti-platelet drug

Activated by cytochromes P450

Irreversibly inactivate ADP receptors on platelets