Anti-Infectives Flashcards
Anti-pathogen chemotherapy
Drugs used to damage/kill invading species should have selective toxicity and kill the pathogen without harming the host
B-lactam antibiotics
Bacteriocidal
Interfere with cell wall synthesis by preventing the transpeptidase reaction between peptidoglycan chains
Lack of a proper cell wall causes cell lysis
The B-lactamase enzyme can break down these antibiotics
Sulphonamide
An antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits folate synthesis via the dihydropteroate synthase enzyme
Trimethoprim
An antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Prevents tetrahydrofolate synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase enzymes
Cotrimoxazole
An antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits folate synthesis at both dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase
Tetracyclines
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Prevent tRNA from binding to the A-site of the ribosome, preventing peptide chain elongation
Aminoglycosides
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Block initiation of protein synthesis and cause incorrect reading of mRNA
Macrolides
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit peptide chain translocation to prevent elongation
Oxalizidones
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Block the initiation complex between mRNA, RNA and the ribosome
DNA gyrase inhibitors
Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase, which works as topoisomerase
Bacteriostatic
Other antibiotics
Vancomycin = for MRSA Polymixins = applied topically Bacitracin = applied topically
Amantadine
An antiviral drug
Prevents host cell penetration by increasing the pH of intracellular organelles, disabling the M2 protein and preventing viral uncoating
Oseltamivir
An antiviral drug
Prevents host cell penetration by inhibiting neuraminidase and preventing the release of new viral particles
Acyclovir/ valaciclovir
Antiviral drugs
Prevent viral DNA synthesis
Zidovudine
An antiviral drug
Prevents genome integration by inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase
Effective against HIV
