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Hematology > Thrombophilias + Cytopenias > Flashcards

Thrombophilias + Cytopenias Flashcards

1
Q

Most common hereditary causes of VTE

A

Factor V Leiden + prothrombin gene mutations

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2
Q

Most common acquired causes of VTE

A

Prior VTE, recent surgery, trauma, immobilisation, antiphospholipid antibodies, malignancy, pregnancy, oral contracepties, myeloproliferative disorders

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3
Q

What is Virchows triad?

A

Alterations in blood flow (stasis)
vascular endothelial injury
Change to constituents of blood (hypercoaguable)

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4
Q

What other causes of inherited hypercoaguable state are there?

A

Defects in protein S + C + antithrombin

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5
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelets

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6
Q

What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [HIT]
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [TTP]
Hemolytic uremic syndrome [HUS]
Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy [DITMA]
Bone marrow failure syndrome with severe pancytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia
Occult liver disease
HIV infection

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7
Q

What are common causes of new onset thrombocytopenia in acutely ill pts?

A

Sepsis, dic, DRUG INDUCED

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8
Q

What thrombocytopenia is likely in asymptomatic pts?

A

ITP
Occult liver disease
HIV infection

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9
Q

What thrombocytopenia is likely in bleeding pts without systemic illness?

A

Drug induced or ITP

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10
Q

Which thrombocytopenias are emergencies?

A

Heparin induced, thrombotic, HUS, drug induced thrombotic, bone marrow failure syndrome

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11
Q

Management of immune (ITP)?

A

Steroids, immunoglobulins + platelets

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12
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Decreases in RBC, WBC + platelets

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13
Q

What are the mechanisms of pancytopenia?

A

Bone marrow infiltration/ aplasia, ineffective hematopoiesis, RBC destruction

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14
Q

What are the causes of pancytopenia?

A 
Chemo causing bone marrow suppression 
Aplastic anemia 
Multiple myeloma 
Lymphoma 
Leukaemia 
B12 deficiency 
SLE 
EBV + HIV
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15
Q

Investigations for pancytopenia

A

FBC, blood smear, reticulocyte count, PT + PTT

Bone marrow aspirate + biopsy

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16
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Low neutrophils

17
Q

What are the causes of neutropenia?

A 
Benign ethnic neutropenia 
Drug induced neutropenia 
Viral infections 
Nutritional deficiencies 
Rheumatological disorders 
Sepsis
18
Q

What are schistocytes + what do they indicate?

A 
Fragmented part of RBC seen on smear 
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Malfunctioning cardiac valves
19
Q

What do hairy lymphocytes + smudge cells indicate?

A

Leukaemia

20
Q

What is HCT?

A

hematopoietic cell transplantation

Bone marrow replacement

21
Q

SE + complications of HCT

A

Mucositis
Liver dysfunction
Infections

22
Q

What support is given to pts undergoing HCT?

A

Prophylactic abx, immune globulin infusions, antivirals + antifungals

Hematology (5 decks)

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