Throat-ENT Flashcards
tx acute tonsilitis
- co-amox
- analgesia +/- steroid bolus
- rehydration/ bed rest
- antipyretics
tx acute tonsilitis
- co-amox
- analgesia +/- steroid bolus
- rehydration/ bed rest
- antipyretics
viral vs. bacterial sore throat
viral= milder, low grade adenopathy, bacterial= SEVERE> 48hrs
dx acute tonsilitis
- fbc
- MONOSPOT= Paul Bunnell
- LFT
refer acute tonsilitis
- severe sore throat
- trsimus
- hot potato
- referred pain
causes of quinsy
S.aureus
S.pneumo
Bacteroides
Epiglottis in adults- location
SUPRAGLOTTIC
Tx epiglottitis
REFERRAL- ENT/anaesthesia/paeds
- Oxygen
- adnrealine neb
- heliox
- steroids
- antibiotics– third gen cephalosporin
nasal facture– important to exclude
another max-fax fracture
CSF rhinorrhea
when to refer nasal fracture
obvious deformity- 5-7days; rhinoplasty
URGENTLY– septal haematoma
mgmt septal haematoma
incise
drain
tamponade
tx of orbital cellulitis
IB antibiotics
decongestants
analgesia
optic nerve damage= SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION
dx of orbital cellulitis
CT sinuses- exclude orbital abscess
urgent referral ENT/ OPTHO
epistaxis causes in kids
- URTI
- digital trauma
epistaxis causes in adults
- trauma
- anterior bleed
- posterior bleed
anterior bleed epistaxis in adults
- little’s area
- recurrent self-limiting
posterior bleed epistaxis in adults
- elderly
- medical co-morbidities– anticoag, aspirin
MORE SEVERE–> ADMIT
bloody otorrhea tx– BASE OF SKULL FRACTURE
BATTLE SIGN: bruising over mastoid process, by extravasation of blood along path of posterior auricular artery
bloody otorrhea tx– BASE OF SKULL FRACTURE
BATTLE SIGN
viral vs. bacterial sore throat
viral= milder, low grade adenopathy, bacterial= SEVERE> 48hrs
dx acute tonsilitis
- fbc
- MONOSPOT= Paul Bunnell
- LFT
refer acute tonsilitis
- severe sore throat
- trsimus
- hot potato
- referred pain
causes of quinsy
S.aureus
S.pneumo
Bacteroides
Epiglottis in adults- location
SUPRAGLOTTIC
Tx epiglottitis
REFERRAL- ENT/anaesthesia/paeds
- Oxygen
- adnrealine neb
- heliox
- steroids
- antibiotics– third gen cephalosporin
nasal facture– important to exclude
another max-fax fracture
CSF rhinorrhea
when to refer nasal fracture
obvious deformity- 5-7days; rhinoplasty
URGENTLY– septal haematoma
mgmt septal haematoma
incise
drain
tamponade
anterior ethmoidal artery
ophthalmic-ica-common carotid
sphenopalatine artery
terminal IMAX-ECA
greater palatine
IMAX-ECA
septal branch
superior labial-facial-IMAX-ECA
grade 1 chandlers
preseptal/ periorbital cellulitis
grade 2 chandlers
postseptal/ orbital cellulitis
grade 3 chandlers
subperiosteal abscess
grade 4 chandlers
intra-orbital abscess