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Ear-ENT Flashcards

1
Q

whisper

A

30dB

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2
Q

conversation

A

60dB

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3
Q

shouting

A

90dB

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4
Q

rhinophyma

A

hypertrophy of sebaceous glands; un treated rosacea

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5
Q

oral cavity 7 parts:

A
  1. lips
  2. gingiva
  3. floor of mouth
  4. anterior 2/3 tongue
  5. buccal mucosa
  6. hard palate
  7. retromolar trigone
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6
Q

oropharynx 5 parts:

A
  1. soft palate
  2. tonsils
  3. base of tongue
  4. posterior pharynx
  5. lateral pharynx
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7
Q

age for visual response audiometry/ distraction testing

A

less than 4 years old

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8
Q

flat tympanometry, kids

A

otitis media

perforation

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9
Q

OAE=

A

oto-acoustic emission

SCREENING IN KIDS

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10
Q

BSER=

A

brain stem evoked response

OBJECTIVE IN KIDS, GA

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11
Q

external ear causes–> CHL

A
  • wax
  • otitis externa
  • atresia
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12
Q

middle ear causes–> CHL

A
  • otitis media
  • tympanic mem perforation
  • ossicular discontinuity
  • otosclerosis
  • cholesteatoma
  • glomus tumor
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13
Q

PC otosclerosis

A

tinnitus
CHL–> SNHL
UNI–> BI

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14
Q

risk factors for otosclerosis

A

female
pregnant
20-30yo
FAMILY HX

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15
Q

tx of otosclerosis

A

hearing aid

stapedectomy

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16
Q

problem in otosclerosis

A

fixation of stapes foot plate by immature new bone

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17
Q

MCC sudden SNHL

A

IDIOPATHIC

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18
Q

causes of sudden SNHL

A 
ii-tt-an
idiopathic
infection- mumps/measles/TB/ syphilis
trauma- surgery, base of skull fracture
tumor- vesticular schwannoma
autoimmune- wegners
neuro- MS
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19
Q

tx of SNHL

A

underlying causes…
STEROIDS
CARBOGEN

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20
Q

differential gradual bilateral SNHL

A
  1. noise induced
  2. presbycussis
  3. ototoxic drugs
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21
Q

noise induced gradual SNHL

A
  • cisplatin
  • furosemide
  • aminoglycosides
  • erythromycin
  • vancomycin
  • aspirin
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22
Q

reversible ototoxic drug

A

ASPIRIN

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23
Q

irreversible ototoxic drug

A

CISPLATIN

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24
Q

1 macrloide= ototoxic

A

erythromycin

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25
Q

frequency for noise induced

A

4000– 500-2000Hz

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26
Q

audiogram for conductive hearing loss

A

AIR-BONE GAP

27
Q

audiogram for SNHL

A

NO air-bone gap

28
Q

mcc hearing loss in kids

A

serrous otitis media= glue ear

29
Q

5 risk factors for serious otitis media

A
  • congenital
  • second hand smoke
  • large adenoids
  • nasal allergy
  • cleft palate
30
Q

protective for serrous otitis media

A

BREAST FEEDING

31
Q

5 complications of serrous otitis media

A
  1. atelectasis
  2. retraction pockets
  3. tympanosclerosis
  4. ossicle erosion
  5. cholesteatoma
32
Q

tx criteria for serrous otitis media

A

RECURRENT otitis media OR > 3 months

33
Q

how long do grommets stay in for serrous otitis media

A

9-12months

34
Q

3 complications with grommets

A
  • 50%= discharge
  • hole in tymp mem
  • tympanosclerosis
35
Q

causes of tympanosclerosis

A
  1. serrous otitis media
  2. grommets
  3. RECURRENT ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA
36
Q

tympanosclerosis

A

calcification/ hyaline degeneration of middle fibrous layer of tympanic membrane

37
Q

when to refer acute otitis media

A
  • NON-resolving
  • complications
    1. CN7
    2. chronic= persistent discharge
    3. acute mastoiditis
38
Q

4 things for tx acute otitis media

A
  • decongestant
  • Abx– bacterial
  • antipyretics
  • analgesics
39
Q

definition acute mastoiditis

A

subperiosteal abscess with empyema in mastod

40
Q

extra for PC acute mastoiditis

A

Protruding Pinna
post auricular swelling
BLUNTING OF SULCUS

41
Q

2 complications of acute mastoiditis

A
  1. abscess
    - extradural temporal lobe
    - subdural
  2. meningitis
42
Q

tx acute mastoiditis

A
  • abx IV
  • grommets
  • MASTOIDECTOMY
43
Q

chronic otitis media definition

A

persistent discharging > 3/12, with non-intact tympanic membrane; PAINLESS – otorrhea/ hearing loss

44
Q

safe chronic otitis media

A

tubotympanic

45
Q

unsafe chronic otitis media

A

atticoantral—> cholesteatoma

46
Q

tx of chronic otitis media

A
  • topical abx
  • aural toilet
  • tympanoplasty/ mastoidectomy
47
Q

things that can lead to ossicle erosion; thus going from CHL–> SNHL

A
  1. otosclerosis
  2. serrous otitis media
  3. cholesteatoma
48
Q

2 intra-cranial complications of cholesteatoma

A
  1. MENINGITIS

2. ABSCESS– intracranial/extradural/subdural

49
Q

2 inner ear complications of cholesteatoma

A
  1. VERTIGO– semicircular canals

2. SNHL– cochlea

50
Q

2 middle ear complications of cholesteatoma

A
  1. CHL

2. CN7 palsy

51
Q

2 vascular complications of cholesteatoma

A
  1. internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis

2. sigmoid sinus thrombosis

52
Q

tx cholesteatoma

A

MASTOIDECTOMY

53
Q

otoscopy for glue ear=

A

DULL and RETRACTED

54
Q

PC otitis externa

A 
PAIN
otorrhea
ITCHYNESS
red
oedematous skin
debris
55
Q

otoscopy otitis externa

A

NORMAL- TM and mobile

56
Q

tx otitis externa

A
  • topical: Abx and steroid
  • analgesia
  • otowick
  • canal toilet
57
Q

complications of otitis externa

A

perichondritis

malignant otitic extern

58
Q

malignant otitis externa

A

severe osteomyelitis of temporal bone–> granulation tissue

= grnaulomatous polypoid otitis externa

59
Q

2 risk factors for malignant otitis externa

60
Q

PC malignant otitis externa

A

PAIN OUT OF PROPORTION

CN palsies: 7, 9-12

61
Q

tx malignant otitis externa

A
  • topical antibiotic
  • IV antibiotic- 6 weeks
  • aural toilet
62
Q

when to refer otitis externa

A
  1. non-resolving
  2. complications– malignant
  3. oedematous canal
  4. aural toilet
63
Q

causes of otitis externa

A
  1. FB/ water/ cotton bud
  2. DM
  3. infection- Pseudomonas, S.aureus, proteus, fungal
  4. Skin- eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis
  5. earl canal stenosis
64
Q

diagnosis of acute mastoiditis

A

URGENT CT with CONTRAST

–> brain abscess and subperiosteal abscess

ENT SC1 (8 decks)

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