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Systems 2 - Head and Neck > Throat Disorders > Flashcards

Throat Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is infective pharyngitis?

A

Pharyngeal inflammation, with sore throat

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2
Q

What causes pharyngitis?

A

Usually viral cause: influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus

Bacterial: strep, pneumococcus

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?

A

Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, pyrexia, malaise, lymphadenopathy, exudative inflammation, tonsil enlargement

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4
Q

What organisms cause tonsillitis?

A

Beta haemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, haemophilus influenza

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5
Q

Management of tonsillitis?

A

Rest, analgesia, fluids, antibiotics (penicillin/ erythromycin)
Tonsillectomy if recurrent acute/ chronic tonsillitis

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6
Q

What is quinsy?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

Due to spread of infection from tonsils to lateral tissues

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7
Q

What are the features of quinsy?

A

Drooling, trismus (pain opening mouth), patient appears more unwell
O/E: lateral swelling, displacement of uvula away from midline

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8
Q

Treatment for quinsy?

A

Aspiration/ incision of abscess
Antibiotics
Tonsillectomy if 2+ episodes

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9
Q

What are the indications for tonsillectomy?

A 
Recurrent quinsy (2+ episodes)
Recurrent tonsillitis (5+ episodes in 1 year)
Malignancy
Obstructive sleep apnoea
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10
Q

What conditions can an enlarged adenoid cause in children?

A 
Nasal obstruction
Glue ear (compromises Eustachian tube function)
Sleep apnoea
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11
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Upper airway collapse, snoring and episodes of breathing cessation

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12
Q

What are the risk factors for sleep apnoea?

A

Obesity, large neck, alcohol, smoking, adenoid hypertrophy

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13
Q

How do you investigate sleep apnoea?

A 
Sleep study (polysomnography): monitors blood oxygen saturations, rest rate, heart rate
Epworth Questionnaire
Nasendoscopy
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of sleep apnoea?

A

Chronic snoring, daytime sleepiness, lethargy, poor concentration, poor memory, loss of libido

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15
Q

Management of sleep apnoea?

A

1) Lifestyle measures: Weight loss, reduce alcohol, withdraw any sedatives
2) CPAP
3) nasal splint, mandibular advancement device
4) Surgery (adenectomy in children)

Plus Treat any other nasal conditions reducing airflow

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16
Q

What are the complications of sleep apnoea?

A

Pulmonary HTN, RV strain, heart failure, falling asleep whilst driving, road traffic accidents, negative effect on schooling in children

17
Q

What is stridor?

A

High pitched Noisy breathing on INSPIRATION due to disrupted airway flow

18
Q

What causes of stridor?

A 
Due to instruction in larynx or trachea, due to:
Foreign body
Epiglottitis, croup
Vocal cord palsy/ web
Trauma

Systems 2 - Head and Neck (5 decks)

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