Throat Flashcards
0
Q
Achalasia
A
Degeneration of myenteric plexus causes lower oesophageal sphincter to not relax
Dysphagia, regurgitation
CXR shows fluid level above heart
1
Q
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
A
Intermittent dysphagia w/or w/out chest pain
Barium swallow may show “corkscrew oesophagus”
2
Q
Treatment of achalasia
A
Endoscopic balloon dilatation followed by PPIs
Or
Botulinum toxin injection every few months
Use of CCBs and/or nitrates
3
Q
Sites of oesophageal carcinomas
A
20% upper, 50% Middle, 30% lower
Proximal = squamous cell
Distal = adenocarcinoma
4
Q
Test for oesophageal ca
A
Oesophagoscopy with biopsy
May use MRI/CT for staging
