Throacolumbar Biomechanics Flashcards
According to the bow and string model, what makes up the bow?
vertebra and ligaments
In the bow and string model, what makes up the strings?
muscles dorsal and ventral to the spine
Which muscles of the bow and string model stiffen and straighten the bow?
Epaxial muscle group
Which muscles of the bow and string model flex and stabilize the spinal column?
psoas and longus coli
Which muscles of the bow and string model can alter the curves of the spinal column (lordosis/kyphosis)?
Rectus abdominus, abdominal obliques, transversus abdominus
Flexion and extension of the spine occur around the ______ axis of the orthogonal system.
X axis
Spinal rotation occurs around the ______ axis of the orthogonal system.
Y axis
Lateral flexion of the spine occurs around the _____ axis of the orthogonal system.
Z axis
What structure resists vertical shear?
Intervertebral disc (IVD)
What are the four transitional areas of the spine?
Atlantooccipital, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral
The _______ is the most mobile area of the spine.
Thoracolumbar junction
Kyphosis would be increased with _________ tension of the ventral string muscles.
increased
Lordosis would be increased with _________ tension of the ventral string muscles.
decreased
What structural component(s) determines the movement of the vertebra?
Facet angles and disc planes
Slight movements of the spine at rest during respiration contribute to __________.
CSF flow
The two areas of highest flexion and extension are __________.
cervicothoracic and lumbosacral
The greatest axial rotation in the TL spine occurs in the __________.
Lower Thoracic (T9-14)
The greatest lateral flexion in the TL spine occurs in the __________.
Lower Thoracic (T11-12)
Subluxations are more common in the transitional areas of the spine because of ________ and __________.
Increased biomechanical stress
a greater degree of movement
