Thought & Language Flashcards
Heuristics
Mental short cuts - short cuts in decision making based on previous experiences
Dual code hypothesis
Says that both imanginal and verbal codes are used to represent information
Deductive reasoning
reasoning from general to specific
Inductive reasoning
reasoning from specific to general
Bounded rationality
People don’t make the absolute best decisions; they make decisions that are ‘good enough’
Prospect Theory
We make decisions based on gains and loses
The framing effect
Slight changes in wording a question result in different decisions
The problem space
Intial state, goal state and strategies to reach goal
Problem isomorphs
problems that have the same underlying structure, but different content.
Propositional theory
mental representations are stored as propositions rather than as images
Mental set
Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, based on how we approached a similar problem in the past. (sticking with the most familair solutions and ignoring alternatives)
Functional fixedness
Tendency to see objects as only working in one way and not considering alternative uses
What is knowledge?
The convergence of perception, memory and language
Phonemes
Individual speech sounds (smallest units of sound) that are the building block of language
Morphemes
Smallest units of speech that convey meaning (content and function)
