Memory

Question 1

Two types of sensory register

Answer 1

Iconic - momentary memory for visual information
Echoic - momentary memory for auditory information

Last for no longer than milliseconds

Question 2

Maintence rehearsal

Answer 2

Repeating information in your mind to keep it in STM for longer

Question 3

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 3

Thinking about the meaning of the the information you’re rehearsing - this is most useful to store info in LTM

Question 4

Serial position effect

Answer 4

Tendency to remember information at the beginning and end of a list or series - more diffcult to remember the middle items

Question 5

Types of explicit/declarative memory

Answer 5

Episodic - memory of events and experiences
Semantic/generic - general knowledge, facts and concepts

These types of memories are recalled consciously and intentionally

Question 6

Types of implicit/non-declarative memory

Answer 6

Procedural - skills and how to knowledge
Conditioning - learned associations

Expressed in behaviour - doesn’t require conscious recollection

Question 7

Priming

Answer 7

Processing or responses are easier and faster because of previous exposure to the same or similar information

Question 8

Retroactive interference

Answer 8

New information interferes with the retrievel of old information

Question 8

Proactive interference

Answer 8

Old memories interefere with the retrieval of new information

Question 9

Chunking

Answer 9

Taking individual pieces of information and grouping them into larger (meaningful) units

Question 10

Encoding Specificity and State-dependent effects

Answer 10

Change in context from time of encoding to the time of retrieval can interfere with recall - matching context makes it easier to retrieve the information

Question 11

Different levels of awareness (Tulving’s model)

Answer 11

Self-aware (Autonoetic) - episodic memory
Knowing info, not origin (Noetic) - semantic memory
Unaware (Anoetic) - procedural memory

Question 12

Transient Global Amnesia

Answer 12

Sudden but temporary anterograde amnesia - there is no confusion about identity

Question 13

Psychogenic Amnesia (dissociative amnesia)

Answer 13

Temporary memory impairment characterized by loss of identity and autobiographical memories

Question 14

Reconsolidation

Answer 14

Every time you access memory trace, new context and information can be added to stored information

Question 15

Causes of forgetting

Answer 15

Medicine, lack of exercise, high stress, low blood sugar, lack of sleep, organic amnesia (retrograde & anterograde), transient global amnesia and psychogenic amnesia