Thought disorders & other syndromes Flashcards
Describe what is meant by a clang association [1]
Clang associations represent a pattern of speech in which words are linked together based on their sound rather than their meaning.
- e.g I’m walking to the shop hop slop flip-flop’.
A person is talking with clang associations.
What pathology might this indicate? [2]
commonly seen in psychotic disorders and mania.
Describe Knight’s move thinking [1]
Knight’s move thinking is a speech pattern in which people move from one thought to another with a lack of logical connection between ideas. The thought process is disorganised and involves very loose associations between ideas.
- The speech exhibited by this patient is nonsensical, and words are grouped together based on their SOUND rather than meaning, aligning more with the form of clang associations.
Knight’s move thinking is a severe type of loosening of associations, where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another. It is a feature of [pathology].
Knight’s move thinking is a severe type of loosening of associations, where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another. It is a feature of schizophrenia.
Describe what is meant by tangentiality [1]
Tangentiality refers to wandering from a topic without returning to it.
- . The ideas can become fragmented and disconnected, making it difficult to follow the person’s train of thought
- individuals with tangentiality do not return to the original conversation topic.
What is a neologism? [1]
Where would you see them? [1]
Neologisms are newly coined words or phrases that are not part of a common language and are invented by the speaker.
Describe what is meant by logorrhea [1]
What is it associated with? [1]
This is a pattern of speech in which the person gives rapid, uncontrollable and incoherent speech in which they give excessive detail and repeat themselves
- It is often associated with brain injuries, particularly in those with Wernicke’s aphasia.
Describe what is meant by circumstantiality [1]
Circumstantiality is the inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail. However, this differs from tangentiality in that the person does eventually return to the original point.
- Unlike tangentiality refers to wandering from a topic without returning to it.
What is echolalia [1]
Echolalia is the repetition of someone else’s speech, including the question that was asked.
Describe the following syndromes:
Othello syndrome [1]
Fregoli syndrome [1]
Othello syndrome
- seemingly unfounded jealousy
Fregoli syndrome
- believing that two or more people are the same person changing their appearance to deceive you
Describe what the following syndromes are:
Folie à deux
Erotomania
Factitious disorder
Folie à deux - shared hallucinations/delusions between individuals
Erotomania - excessive sexual desire
Factitious disorder - consciously pretending that you have a mental illness
Describe what is meant by somatisation disorder [2]
multiple physical SYMPTOMS present for at least 2 years
patient refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results
Describe what is meant by illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) [2]
persistent belief in the presence of an underlying serious DISEASE, e.g. cancer
patient again refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results
Describe what is meant by a functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder) [3]
- typically involves loss of motor or sensory function
- the patient doesn’t consciously feign the symptoms (factitious disorder) or seek material gain (malingering)
- patients may be indifferent to their apparent disorder - la belle indifference - although this has not been backed up by some studies
Describe what is meant by a dissociative disorder [3]
dissociation is a process of ‘separating off’ certain memories from normal consciousness
in contrast to conversion disorder involves psychiatric symptoms e.g. Amnesia, fugue, stupor
NB: dissociative identity disorder (DID) is the new term for multiple personality disorder as is the most severe form of dissociative disorder
What is factitious disorder aka? [1]
also known as Munchausen’s syndrome
What is Munchausen’s syndrome / Factitious disorder? [1]
the intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms
Malingering = faking symptoms
Münchausen = self inflicted symptoms
What is malingering? [1]
fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of symptoms with the intention of financial or other gain
NB:
Malingering = faking symptoms
Münchausen = self inflicted symptoms
In [] syndrome, the patient believes they have been infested with parasites.
In Ekbom syndrome, the patient believes they have been infested with parasites. The patient will complain of crawling sensations on the skin
In Ekbom syndrome, the patient believes they have been infested with parasites. The patient will complain of crawling sensations on the skin and can be due to a psychological or organic reason such as [] deficiency.
In Ekbom syndrome, the patient believes they have been infested with parasites. The patient will complain of crawling sensations on the skin and can be due to a psychological or organic reason such as B12 deficiency.
[] delusion is a misidentification syndrome in which the patient believes that someone close to them has been replaced by a clone.
Capgras delusion is a misidentification syndrome in which the patient believes that someone close to them has been replaced by a clone.
Fregoli [] describes a patient believing that everyone they meet is the same person but with different disguises. It can be associated with injury to the right frontal area, left temporoparietal areas and the fusiform gyrus.
Fregoli delusion describes a patient believing that everyone they meet is the same person but with different disguises. It can be associated with injury to the right frontal area, left temporoparietal areas and the fusiform gyrus.
