Thorp The Pleural Cavities and Lungs Flashcards
Borders of the pleural cavities
- Superior- above the 1st rib into the neck important for procedures
- Medially- the mediastinum
- Inferior- just above the level of the costal margin
Explain the pleura
2 types
- Parietal associated with pleural walls
- Visceral- adherent to lung surface
Space between them is the plerual cavity
What in the pleura has sensory innervation
The parietal hence the pain associated fluid
Names of the parietal pleura surfaces (subdivisions)
- Cervical(cupola)- dome and extension of the pleural cavity
- Costal- intercostal spaces and ribs
- Diaphragmatic
- Mediastinal
What is the root of the lung?
The tubular sleeve of the medistinal pleura that surronds the structures passing between the lungs and mediastinum
What happens at the hilum?
The root joins the medial surface of the lung
The parietal and visceral pleura are continuous
Explain the pleural recess
The lungs don’t completely fill the anterior or posterior inferior parts of the pleural cavity making potential space
What is potential space?
The space in the pleural cavity that the lung doesn’t fill that can be filled with fluid.
Expansion into these spaces normally during forced INSPIRATION
Relation of phrenic, azygoes and vagus to the hilum
Phrenic- anterior
Azygos- superior than posterior
Vagus- posterior
Whats in the pleural cavity? Whats not? (Normally
A small amount of serous fluid that allows lung to slide freely over the parietal pleura
No air!
Explain the difference in relationship of bronchi and pulmonary arteries in the right and left lung
Right- the pulmonary artery is ANTERIOR to the bronchi
Left- PA is SUPERIOR to the bronchi
RALS
Hierarchy of the bronchial tree
- Primary bronchus (main)
- Secondary (lobar) bronchi
- Teritary (segmental)
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
Why is it special?
Area of the lung supplied by a teritery bronchus and its accompanying pulmonary artery branch
Smallest functionally independent region of the lung and the smallest area that can be removed without affecting neighboring regions
Superior Lobe of Right Lung Teritery Segments
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
Superior Lobe of Left Lung
Apicoposterior
Anterior
Superior
Inferior
Middle of Right Lobe
Lateral and medial
Inferior of Right lobe
Anterior Basal
Lateral Basal
Posterior Basal
Inferior of Left Lobe
Superior
Anterio-medial basal
Lateral basal
Posterior Basal
What supplies the pulmonary tissue
Bronchiol arteries arises from the thoracic aorta/its branches
What innervates the lung? What type of innervation?
GVA and GVE from the pulmonary plexus which come from the vagus and the sympathetic chain
Where do the lungs drain?
The tracheobronchial nodes located around the roots of lobar and main stem bronchi
From here right into right bronchomedistinal nodes
Left into the left bronchomedistinal nodes
EXCEPT- the lower of left drains into the right mediastinal nodes/trunk
What fills the space in the costomediastinal receess>
Heart on the left! Anteriorally
Whats special about the pleura in the recess?
It’s only parietal. It has no lung to attach the visceral to
Which lung comes closer to the midline of the sternum? Why?
The right. The heart impedes on the left
Where is the pleural recess most evidnet?
Anterior especially inferiorly
