Thorp The Pleural Cavities and Lungs

Question 1

Borders of the pleural cavities

Answer 1

1. Superior- above the 1st rib into the neck important for procedures
2. Medially- the mediastinum
3. Inferior- just above the level of the costal margin

Question 2

Explain the pleura

Answer 2

2 types

1. Parietal associated with pleural walls
2. Visceral- adherent to lung surface

Space between them is the plerual cavity

Question 3

What in the pleura has sensory innervation

Answer 3

The parietal hence the pain associated fluid

Question 4

Names of the parietal pleura surfaces (subdivisions)

Answer 4

1. Cervical(cupola)- dome and extension of the pleural cavity
2. Costal- intercostal spaces and ribs
3. Diaphragmatic
4. Mediastinal

Question 5

What is the root of the lung?

Answer 5

The tubular sleeve of the medistinal pleura that surronds the structures passing between the lungs and mediastinum

Question 6

What happens at the hilum?

Answer 6

The root joins the medial surface of the lung

The parietal and visceral pleura are continuous

Question 7

Explain the pleural recess

Answer 7

The lungs don’t completely fill the anterior or posterior inferior parts of the pleural cavity making potential space

Question 8

What is potential space?

Answer 8

The space in the pleural cavity that the lung doesn’t fill that can be filled with fluid.

Expansion into these spaces normally during forced INSPIRATION

Question 9

Relation of phrenic, azygoes and vagus to the hilum

Answer 9

Phrenic- anterior
Azygos- superior than posterior
Vagus- posterior

Question 10

Whats in the pleural cavity? Whats not? (Normally

Answer 10

A small amount of serous fluid that allows lung to slide freely over the parietal pleura

No air!

Question 11

Explain the difference in relationship of bronchi and pulmonary arteries in the right and left lung

Answer 11

Right- the pulmonary artery is ANTERIOR to the bronchi

Left- PA is SUPERIOR to the bronchi

RALS

Question 12

Hierarchy of the bronchial tree

Answer 12

1. Primary bronchus (main)
2. Secondary (lobar) bronchi
3. Teritary (segmental)

Question 13

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

Why is it special?

Answer 13

Area of the lung supplied by a teritery bronchus and its accompanying pulmonary artery branch

Smallest functionally independent region of the lung and the smallest area that can be removed without affecting neighboring regions

Question 14

Superior Lobe of Right Lung Teritery Segments

Answer 14

Apical
Posterior
Anterior

Question 15

Superior Lobe of Left Lung

Answer 15

Apicoposterior
Anterior
Superior
Inferior

Question 16

Middle of Right Lobe

Answer 16

Lateral and medial

Question 17

Inferior of Right lobe

Answer 17

Anterior Basal
Lateral Basal
Posterior Basal

Question 18

Inferior of Left Lobe

Answer 18

Superior
Anterio-medial basal
Lateral basal
Posterior Basal

Question 19

What supplies the pulmonary tissue

Answer 19

Bronchiol arteries arises from the thoracic aorta/its branches

Question 20

What innervates the lung? What type of innervation?

Answer 20

GVA and GVE from the pulmonary plexus which come from the vagus and the sympathetic chain

Question 21

Where do the lungs drain?

Answer 21

The tracheobronchial nodes located around the roots of lobar and main stem bronchi

From here right into right bronchomedistinal nodes
Left into the left bronchomedistinal nodes

EXCEPT- the lower of left drains into the right mediastinal nodes/trunk

Question 22

What fills the space in the costomediastinal receess>

Answer 22

Heart on the left! Anteriorally

Question 23

Whats special about the pleura in the recess?

Answer 23

It’s only parietal. It has no lung to attach the visceral to

Question 24

Which lung comes closer to the midline of the sternum? Why?

Answer 24

The right. The heart impedes on the left

Question 25

Where is the pleural recess most evidnet?

Answer 25

Anterior especially inferiorly