I human wrap up

Question 1

Possible bases of SOB

Answer 1

Chemoreceptors detect hypoxia

Mechanoreceptors detect respiratory muscle movement

Question 2

General organ systems for SOB/dyspnea

Answer 2

Pulmonary 
Cardiac 
Psychiatric
Hematologic/Anemic (espeically during heavyperiods)
Obesity/deconditioning

For hematologic think in colon cancer you would slowly ooze blood and that could make you SOB

Question 3

Pack year calculation

Answer 3

Packs per day x year

Question 4

Why do COPD lose weight

Answer 4

Takes energy to breath

Depletes energy and fuel to simply breath

Question 5

Why does wheezing occur in COPD

Answer 5

Due to narrowing of airway

Question 6

What does quiet breath sounds usggest

Answer 6

Poor air exchange - very much a sign of obstruction airway

Sometimes could be due to obesity

Question 7

When would percussion of lung sound dull/hollow

Answer 7

Hollow (hyper resonnant)- increase in air emphysema

Dull- increase in fluid/mass- Edema/Tumors

Question 8

SIgns of right heart failure

Answer 8

High pressure in the right side and its transmitted superior (JVC) and inferiorally (edema/heptamegaly)
JVD- build up on right side
Congestion below the lungs- leg edema enlarged liver

Question 9

Signs of left heart ailure

Answer 9

crackles in his lung

Question 10

Best x-ray type/ Why?

Answer 10

Posterior-anterior lateral x-ray

lateral gives a second dimension
AP is used when patients are too ill to turn left/right for lateral

CT/MRI used when you doubt the xray

Question 11

Identifying factor of Chronic bronchitis

Answer 11

2 years of 3 consecutive months of spetum

Question 12

Reasons for obstruction airways

Answer 12

1. Decreased elastic recoil

2. Increased airway resistance

Question 13

Cor pulmonale

Answer 13

Increased pressure that right heart is pushing agsinst gets transmitted

Chronic hypoxia leads to pulmonary artery hypertension via vasoconstriction to which limits blood flow to hypoic regions