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Anatomy Final > Thorax Review > Flashcards

Thorax Review Flashcards

1
Q

function of the thoracic wall

A

breathing

protection

attachment sites

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2
Q

where is the sternal angle found

A

@ T2/ 2nd rib

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3
Q

what muscles do inspiration

A

DIAPHRAGM

external intercostals

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4
Q

what muscles do expiration

A

internal intercostals

innermost intercostals

subcostals

transversus thoracis

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5
Q

how do the external intercostals run

A

obliquely forward and downward

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6
Q

how do the internal intercostals run

A

obliquely forward and upwards

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7
Q

what nerve innervates the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

C3, C4, C5 keep it alive

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8
Q

what passes through the costal groove

A

intercostal v

intercostal n

posterior intercostal a

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9
Q

subcostal means

A

below the 12th rib

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10
Q

what makes up the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian v

internal jugular v

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11
Q

what empties into the brachiocephalic vein

A

internal thoracic vein

azygos vein

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12
Q

what does the brachiocephalic vein empty into

A

SVC

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13
Q

what veins empty into the azygos system

A

subcostal v

posterior intercostal v

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14
Q

superior thoracic aperture borders

A

A: manubrium

L: 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilage

P: T1

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15
Q

superior thoracic aperture contents

A

trachea

esophagus

nerves

vessels

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16
Q

what structure does not go into the inferior aperture

A

trachea

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17
Q

inferior thoracic aperture borders

A

A: xiphisternal joint

L: ribs 11 and 12

P: T12 vertebrae

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18
Q

inferior thoracic aperture contents

A

aorta

IVC

Esophagus

thoracic duct

nerves

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19
Q

contents of the root of the lung

A

vessels

nerves

bronchi

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20
Q

who penetrates who (hilum and root)

A

the root penetrates the hilum

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21
Q

nerves of the root and hilum (& vessel)

A

vagus

phrenic

brachiocephalic v.

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22
Q

vagus nerve in to the root

A

posterior to the root of the lung

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23
Q

phrenic nerve to the root of the lung

A

lateral and anterior to the root

more lateral than vagus nerve

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24
Q

brachiocephalic trunk to the root of the lung

A

most posterior

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25
Q

which lung is bigger, right or left

A

the right lung is bigger d/t the left having a cardiac notch

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26
Q

right lung

A

3 lobes (S, M, I)

2 fissures (horizontal and oblique)

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27
Q

horizontal fissure of RL

A

in b/w superior and middle lobes

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28
Q

oblique fissure of RL

A

in b/w middle and inferior lobes

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29
Q

left lung

A

2 lobes (S and I)

1 fissure (oblique)

cardiac notch

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30
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

nose

nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

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31
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

bronchi

trachea

brachiopulmonary system

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32
Q

where does gas exchange occur in the lungs

A

alveoli

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33
Q

phrenic nerve innervation

A

motor to the diaphragm

sensory to mediastinal pleura and pericardium

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34
Q

parasympathetic innervation of respiratory system

A

vagus nerve (CN10)

brachioconstriction

vasodilation

secretomotor

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35
Q

sympathetic innervation of the respiratory system

A

sympathetic trunk

bronchodilation

vasoconstriction

inhibits secretomotor

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36
Q

what is the SVC formed by

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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37
Q

what is the main muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

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38
Q

what are the mediastinum’s

A

superior and inferior

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39
Q

what are the three parts of the inferior mediastinum

A

anterior

middle

posterior

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40
Q

what divides the superior and inferior mediastinum

A

transverse thoracic plane

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41
Q

what are the great vessels

A

left subclavian

left common carotid

arch of aorta

brachiocephalic vein

brachiocephalic trunk

SVC

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42
Q

borders of superior mediastinum

A

S: continuous w/ neck

A: manubrium

L: mediastinal pleura

P: T1-T4

I: pericardium

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43
Q

contents of superior mediastinum(a -> P)

A

thymus

great vessels

phrenic N

vagus N

sympathetic trunk

trachea

esophagus

thoracic duct

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44
Q

what structure is most anterior in the superior mediastinum

A

thymus

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45
Q

whats more medial in the superior mediastinum, the organs or the nerves

A

nerves

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46
Q

what part of the superior division does not travel into the inferior division

A

trachea

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47
Q

anterior inferior borders

A

S: transverse thoracic plane

A: sternum

I: diaphragm

L: parietal pleura

P: pericardium

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48
Q

anterior inferior contents

A

thymus

internal thoracic vessels

fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes

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49
Q

middle mediastinum borders

A

pericardial sac

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50
Q

middle mediastinum contents

A

heart

51
Q

when do bronchioles come about

A

T2

when trachea divides

52
Q

posterior mediastinum borders

A

A: pericardial sac

S: continuous w/ superior mediastinum

P: bodies of T5-T12

I: diaphragm

L: parietal pleura

53
Q

posterior mediastinum contents

A

descending aorta

azygos

accessory azygos

hemiazygos

sympathetic trunks

vagus nerves

esophagus

thoracic duct

54
Q

what does the descendng thoracic aorta do to the esophagus

A

displaces it to the right

55
Q

where are the system of azygos located

A

azygos on the R

accessory on the L, more superior

hemiazygos inferior

56
Q

when does the abdominal aorta come about

A

when descending thoracic aorta passes through abdominal aorta hiatus

57
Q

what is the thoraic duct in b/w

A

posterior to esophagus

anterior to azygos

58
Q

sinuses of the heart

A

oblique

transverse

59
Q

oblique sinus

A

pulmonary v, SVC and IVC

60
Q

transverse

A

bypass for surgery

61
Q

where is the SA node

A

juntion of SVC and RA

62
Q

what is the main vein of the heart

A

coronary sinus

63
Q

deoxygenated blood flow

A

body tissues

SVC/IVC

RA

tricuspid valve

RV

pulmonary valve

pulmonary arteries

lungs

64
Q

oxygenated blood flow

A

lungs

pulmonary veins

LA

bicuspid (mitral) valve

LV

aortic valve

aorta

body tissues

65
Q

layers of the heart

A

epicardium (outermost)

myocardium (middle muscle layer)

endocardium (innermost)

66
Q

where is the base of the heart located

A

posterior to T6-T9

67
Q

apex of the heart

A

posterior to 5th intercostal space

this is where you can hear the mitral valve closing

68
Q

where is the sternocostal

A

by RV

69
Q

what form the pulmonary surfaces

A

RA and LV

70
Q

what is the base of the heart

A

LA

71
Q

where is the diaphragmatic surface

A

inferior

72
Q

chambers of the heart

A

RA

RV

LV

LA

73
Q

what chamber is the largest portion of the anterior surface

A

RV

74
Q

pectinate muscles

A

rigid muscles in the auricle

75
Q

when do pectinate muscles end and what do they turn into

A

end at the crista terminalis and turns into smooth muslce

76
Q

fossa ovalis

A

open in the fetal heart

helps exchnage blood in atria

77
Q

where does the coronary sinus open into

A

RA

78
Q

papillary muscles

A

in RV

attach to chordae tendinae

79
Q

chordae tendinae

A

heart strings that connect valves

80
Q

what chamber is the lowest

A

LV

d/t apex

81
Q

where are pectinate muscles

A

atrium

82
Q

papillary muscles are located

A

in ventricles

(lower, pap smear)

83
Q

where do cardiac veins drain into

A

coronary sinus and then to the RA

84
Q

avg resting HR

A

70 bpm

85
Q

what do parasympathetic fibers do to the heart

A

slow down HR

86
Q

T8 opening

A

opening of IVC

87
Q

T10 opening

A

opening of esophagus

88
Q

T12 opening

A

opening of aorta

89
Q

T12 and L3

A

ribs by kidney

90
Q

L4

A

abdominal aorta ends

91
Q

L5

A

origin of IVC

92
Q

ribs 9-11

A

spleen

93
Q

what happens if cohesion in the lung is broken

A

collapsed lung

94
Q

where do the coronary arteries branch to

A

ascending aorta

95
Q

vertical dimension of breathing

A

diaphragm depression

96
Q

lateral dimension of breathing

A

elevating ribs

bucket handle

97
Q

anteroposterior dimension of breathing

A

elevating sternum

pull handle

98
Q

blood supply for nutrition to the lungs

A

bronchial arteries

99
Q

trachea lies ___________ to esophagus

A

anterior

100
Q

which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium

A

LV

101
Q

valve b/w LV and LA

A

bicuspid

102
Q

valve b/w RV and RA

A

tricuspid

103
Q

where is teh crista terminalis

A

RA

104
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

105
Q

superior heart border

A

right atrium

left atrium

auricles in anterior view

106
Q

inferior heart borders

A

mainly right ventricle

slightly left ventricle

107
Q

left borders of heart

A

mainly LV

108
Q

right border of heart

A

right atrium

SVC

IVC

109
Q

coronary sinus is

A

posterior

110
Q

waht does the superior border form

A

inferior border of sinus

111
Q

common carotid sheath contents

A

common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve

112
Q

what does the common carotid sheath do

A

communicates w/ mediastinum

113
Q

what is the major artery of the thorax

A

internal thoracic

114
Q

what does the internal thoracic artery branch into

A

superior epigastric

musculophrenic

anterior intercostal

subcostal

115
Q

where does the posterior intercostal artery branch from

A

thoracic aorta

116
Q

where doe the thoracic aorta and internal thoracic branch from

A

subclavian arteries

117
Q

what veins empty into the azygos system

A

posterior intercostal and subcostal

118
Q

where does the anterior interocstal v empty into

A

internal thoracic

119
Q

where deos the internal thoracic vein empty into

A

brachiocephalic trunk

120
Q

what empties into the brachiocephalic trunk

A

azygos system of veins

internal thoracic v

121
Q

where does the brachiocephalic trunk empty into

A

SVC

122
Q

where do the intercostal nerves run

A

ventral root 1-11

in b/w innermost and internal intercostals

123
Q

wehre deos the subcostal nerve run

A

ventral ramus T12

b/w abdominal muscles

Anatomy Final (3 decks)

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