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Anatomy Final > Neck Review > Flashcards

Neck Review Flashcards

1
Q

branches of external carotid artery

A

superior thyroid

lingual

facial

ascending pharyngeal

occipital

posterior auricular

maxillary

superficial temporal

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2
Q

superior thyroid a

A

supplies thyroid gland

infrahyoid muscles

SCM

superior laryngeal a. to larynx

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3
Q

lingual a

A

to tongue

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4
Q

facial a

A

submandibular gland

floor of mouth (submental branch)

face

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5
Q

ascending pharyngeal a.

A

supplies pharynx, prevertebral muscles, middle ear, cranial meninges

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6
Q

occipital a

A

posterior part of scalp

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7
Q

posterior auricular

A

supplies digastric, parotid gland, facial n, structures in temporal bone, ear, scalp

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8
Q

maxillary a

A

terminal branch

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9
Q

superficial temporal a

A

terminal branch

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10
Q

what does the external carotid artery supply

A

most structures external to the cranium

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11
Q

internal carotid artery enters

A

through carotid canal

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12
Q

what branches off of the internal carotid

A

opthalmic a

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13
Q

what branches off of the internal carotid a

A

ophthalmic a

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14
Q

what does the ophthalmic a supply

A

blood supply to orbits

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15
Q

what branches off of ophthalmic

A

supraorbital

supratrochlear

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16
Q

what does supraorbital a supply

A

from supraorbital foramen

to muscles and skin of forehead, scalp, and superior conjectiva

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17
Q

what does supratrochlear a supply

A

from supratrochlear notch

to muscles and skin of forehead, scalp and superior conjectiva

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18
Q

what do the internal and external carotid arteries branch from

A

common carotid arteries

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19
Q

how many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs

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20
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory N

sensory

sense of smell

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21
Q

CN 2

A

optic N

sensory

ability to see

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22
Q

CN 3

A

oculomotor N

motor

controls the muscles of the eye

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23
Q

CN 4

A

trochlear N

motor

controls the muscles of the eye

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24
Q

CN 5

A

trigeminal N

both

motor functions of mastification

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25
Q

3 parts of trigeminal nerve

A

V1) ophthalmic N

V2) maxillary N

V3) mandibular N

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26
Q

CN 6

A

abducens

motor

controls extra ocular muscles

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27
Q

CN 7

A

Facial

both

all muscles of facial expression

provides sensory information to the nasal cavity

partial sense of taste

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28
Q

CN 8

A

vestibulocochlear

sensory

hearing and balance

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29
Q

CN 9

A

glossopharyngeal N

both

controls the salivary glands in the cheek

controls muscles of the pharynx

provides posterior part of tongue w/ taste

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30
Q

CN 10

A

vagus

both

helps innervate portions of the viscera

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31
Q

CN 11

A

accessory N

motor

motor nerve for SCM and trapezius

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32
Q

CN 12

A

hypoglossal N

motor

controls all the muscles of the tongue

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33
Q

sensory, motor, both acronym

A

some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter most

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34
Q

acronym for cranial nerves

A

oh oh oh, to tough and feel very good velvet, actual heaven

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35
Q

what are the muscles of the eye

A

superior rectus

medial rectus

inferior rectus

lateral rectus

superior oblique

inferior oblique

levator palpebrae superioris

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36
Q

superior rectus actions

A

primary: elevation

secondary: ADD and medial rotation

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37
Q

medial rectus actions

A

primary: ADD

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38
Q

inferior rectus actions

A

primary: depression

secondary: ADD and lateral rotation

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39
Q

lateral rectus actions

A

primary: ABD

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40
Q

superior oblique actions

A

primary: depression and ABD

secondary: medial rotation

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41
Q

inferior oblique actions

A

primary: elevation and ABD

secondary: lateral rotation

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42
Q

levator palpebrae superioris action

A

elevates superior eyelid

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43
Q

nerve rule for muscles of the eye

A

all innervated by oculomotor N (CN3)

lateral rectus innervated by abducens N (CN6)

superior oblique innervated by trochlear (CN 4)

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44
Q

nerve rule abbreviations

A

LR6 and SO4

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45
Q

what muscle depressed the eye

A

superior oblique

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46
Q

what muscle elevates the eye

A

inferior oblique

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47
Q

what happens with paralysis of ocular muscles

A

double vision

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48
Q

what can spread infection in the neck

A

fascia of the neck

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49
Q

what happens if the mouth gets infected

A

it can spread through the fascia

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50
Q

pretracheal fascia

A

connects mouth fascia to the heart

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51
Q

where is the platysma located

A

in the superficial fascia

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52
Q

anterior triangle of the neck boundaries

A

lateral: SCM

floor: pretracheal fascia

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53
Q

anterior triangle contents

A

suprahyoid

infrahyoid

common carotid a

internal jugular v

CN 7,9, 10, 11, 12

ansa cervicalis

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54
Q

posterior triangle of the neck boundaries

A

medial: SCM

posterior: trapezius

floor: clavicle

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54
Q

posterior triangle of the neck contents

A

inferior belly of omohyoid

branches of subclavian a and v

external jugular v

CN 11

branches of cervical and brachial plexus

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55
Q

root of neck contents

A

apical lungs

subclavian a and v

vagus

phrenic

sympathetic trunk

trachea

esophagus

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56
Q

what breaks when you strangle someone

A

hyoid bone

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57
Q

adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence on thyroid cartilage

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58
Q

what happens when SCM is damaged

A

the spinal accessory n is damaged (CN11)

results it torticollis

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59
Q

what is torticollis

A

damage to SCM

will till the head to the opposite side of the injury

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60
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

stylohyoid (split by digastric tendon)

digastric

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61
Q

mylohyoid muscle

A

suprahyoid muscle

O: mandible

I: hyoid bone via median tendon

Inn: mylohyoid N (from CN V3, mandibular)

A: tightens and elevates oral floor, draws hyoid bone forward, assists in opening mandible and moving it side to side

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62
Q

stylohyoid muscle

A

O: temporal bone

I: hyoid bone (body via split tendon)

innervation: facial nerve (CN7)

A: elevates hyoid bone, assists in opening mandible

63
Q

geniohyoid muscle

A

O: mandible

I: hyoid bone (body)

Inn: anterior ramus of C1 (via hypoglossal nerve)

A: draws hyoid bone forward, assists in opening mandible

64
Q

digastric muscle anterior belly

A

O: mandible

I: hyoid bone via intermediate tendon

Inn: mylohyoid n (mandibular V3)

A: elevates hyoid bone, assists in opening mouth

65
Q

digastric muscle posterior belly

A

O: temporal bone

I: body of hyoid bone via intermediate tendon

Inn: facial N

A: elevates hyoid bone, assists opening mandible

66
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid

omohyoid

thyrohyoid

sternothyroid

67
Q

omohyoid

A

O; superior border of scap

I: hyoid bone

Inn: ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus (C1-C3)

A: depresses hyoid, draws larynx and hyoid down for phonation and terminal phases of swalling

68
Q

sternohyoid (1)

A

O; manubrium and SC joint

I: hyoid bone

Inn: ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus (C1-C3)

A: depresses hyoid, draws larynx and hyoid down for phonation and terminal phases of swalling

69
Q

sternothyroid (2)

A

O; manubrium

I: hyoid bone

Inn: ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus (C1-C3)

A: depresses hyoid, draws larynx and hyoid down for phonation and terminal phases of swalling

70
Q

thyrohyoid

A

O: thyroid cartilage

I: hyoid bone

Inn: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

A: depresses and fixes hyoid, raises larynx during swallowing

71
Q

anterior prevertebral muscles

A

longus colli

longus capitis

rectus capitis anterior

rectus capitis lateralis

72
Q

longus capitis

A

innervation: direct branches from cervical plexus (C1-C3)

A; flexion of heat at atlantooccipital joint

73
Q

longus colli

A

innervation: direct branches from cervical plexus

a: unilateral–> tilts and rotates cervical spine to opposite side

bilateral–> forward flexion of cervical spine

74
Q

rectus capitis anterior and lateralis

A

innervation: anterior rami of C1-C2

a: u–> lateral flexion at atlanto-occipital joint

b–> flexion at the atlanto-occipital joint

75
Q

lateral prevertebral muscles

A

splenius capitis

levator scapulae

posterior scalene

middle scalene

anterior scalene

76
Q

splenius capitis

A

innervation: dorsal rami of the spinal nerves

A: u–> rotates to the same side

b–> flexed the neck

77
Q

levator scapulae

A

inn: dorsal scapular n

a: draws scap medially upwards while moving inferior angle medially, inclines neck to same side

78
Q

scalenus anterior

A

O: C3-C6

I: 1st rib

Inn: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus

A: elevates upper ribs (forced inspiration)

bends cervical spine to same side (unilateral, ribs fixed)

flexes neck (bilateral w/ ribs fixed)

79
Q

scalenus medius

A

O: C1-C2 and C3-C7 transverse processes

I: 1st rib

Inn: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus

A: elevates upper ribs (forced inspiration)

bends cervical spine to same side (unilateral, ribs fixed)

flexes neck (bilateral w/ ribs fixed)

80
Q

scalenus posterior

A

O: C5-C7 transverse processes

I: 2nd rib

Inn: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexuses

A: elevates upper ribs (forced inspiration)

bends cervical spine to same side (unilateral, ribs fixed)

flexes neck (bilateral w/ ribs fixed)

81
Q

costocervical trunk

A

posterior to anterior scalene

82
Q

what is the costocervical trunk made of

A

superior intercostal a

deep cervical a

83
Q

dorsal scapular nerve is ______ to anterior scalene

A

lateral

84
Q

what does the epiglottis do

A

closes over trachea

protects air passage through trachea

85
Q

alveola a

A

main blood supply for teeth

86
Q

what happens if the circle of willis gets damaged

A

you can still can blood to the brain

87
Q

the subclavian v drains

A

upper limb

88
Q

external jugular v drains

A

drains most of scalp/side of face

89
Q

internal jugular v drains

A

cranium

90
Q

external facial veins drain into

A

internal jugular

91
Q

what does the vagus nerve run with

A

internal jugular v

92
Q

what starts the brachial plexus

A

C5

middle scalene

93
Q

anterior rami is

A

C1-C4

94
Q

lesser occipital nerve supplies

A

skin of neck, scalp, posterior superior to ear

95
Q

phrenic n

A

sympathetic

motor to diaphragm

sensory to pericardium and mediastinal pleura

96
Q

horner’s syndrome symptoms

A

drooping of eyelid on one side

face pink and flush

face is hot and dry

vasodilation

97
Q

horner’s system issue

A

issue w/ clinical region of the sympathetic trunk

98
Q

thyroid is

A

big endocrine gland

99
Q

larynx is

A

voice box

air passage

100
Q

bregma is

A

where all the sutures meet on the top of the head

101
Q

CN 1 goes through

A

cribriform plate

102
Q

cranial fossae

A

anterior

middle

posterior

103
Q

anterior cranial fossa is formed by

A

frontal bone

ethmoid bone

body of sphenoid

lesser wings of sphenoid

104
Q

anterior cranial fossa contains

A

crista galli

cribriform plate

CN 1

105
Q

middle cranial fossa is formed by

A

sphenoid bone

parts of the temporal bone

106
Q

contents of middle cranial fossa

A

sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa (pituitary gland)

optic canals = CN 2

superior orbital fissue (opthalmic v, opthalmic n, CN 3,4,6)

foramen rotundum = maxillary n

foramen ovale = mandibular n

foramen spinosum = middle meningeal artery

foramen lacerum = deep petrosal n

internal acoustic meatus = CN 8

107
Q

posterior cranial fossa formed by

A

occipital bone

petrous and mastoid part of temporal bone

108
Q

posterior cranial fossa contents

A

cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

foramen magnum (medulla, vertebral arteries, CN XI)

jugular foramen ( CN 9, 10, 11, internal jugular v, meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries)

hypoglossal canal = CN 12

109
Q

muscles of the face are innervated by

A

facial n

110
Q

muscles of the calvaria

A

occipitofrontalis

111
Q

occipitofrontalis action

A

elevates eyebrows

wrinkles skin of forehead

112
Q

palpebral fissue and nose

A

procerus

orbicularis oculi

nasalis

levator labi superioris alaeque nasi

113
Q

procerus

A

pulls medial angle of eyebrows inferiorly

produces transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose

114
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

acts as orbital sphincter (closes eyelids)

115
Q

nasalis

A

flares nostrils by drawing ala of nose towards nasal septum

116
Q

levator labi superioris alaque nasi

A

elevates upper lip

opens nostril

117
Q

ear muscles

A

anterior auricular muscles

superior auricular muscles

posterior auricular muscles

118
Q

anterior auricular muscles

A

pulls ear superiorly and anteriorly

119
Q

superior auricular muscles

A

elevate ear

120
Q

posterior auricular muscles

A

pull ear superiorly and posteriorly

121
Q

muscles of mouth and neck

A

zygomaticus major

zygomaticus minor

levator labii superioris

depressor labii inferioris

levator anguli oris

depressor anguli oris

buccinator

orbicularis oris

risorius

mentalis

122
Q

zygomaticus major

A

pulls corner of mouth superiorly and laterally

123
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

pulls lip superiorly

124
Q

levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip

dilates nostril

raised angle of mouth

125
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

pulls lower lip inferior and laterally

126
Q

levator anguili oris

A

raises angle of mouth

helps form nasolabial furrow

127
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

pulls angle of mouther inferiorly and laterally

128
Q

buccinator

A

presses cheek against molar teeth

expels air from oral cavity/ resists distension when blowing

unilateral–> draws mouth to one side

129
Q

oribicularis oris

A

acts as oral sphincter

130
Q

risorius

A

retracts corner of mouth as in grimacing

131
Q

mentalis

A

elevates and protrudes lower lip

132
Q

muscles of neck

A

platysma

133
Q

platysma

A

depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth

tenses skin of neck

aids in forced depression of the mandible

134
Q

what nerve supplies sensory to the face

A

trigeminal

135
Q

intense pain to the face is described as

A

trigeminal neuropathy

136
Q

blood supply to the orbit

A

ophthalmic a

137
Q

injury of the facial nerve results in

A

bell’s palsy

138
Q

what is bell’s palsy

A

drooping and lose of taste on one side

139
Q

trigeminal nerve branches

A

ophthalmic (V1)

maxillary (V2)

mandibular (V3)

140
Q

what is the buccal nerve sensory to

A

inside of cheeks

141
Q

muscles that close the mouth

A

medial pterygoid

masseter

temporalis

142
Q

medial pterygoid

A

origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pterygoid fossa

insertion: medial surface of the mandibular angle

inn: mandibular nerve (lateral pterygoid nerve)

a: protrudes the mandible and laterally moves mandible

143
Q

temporalis

A

o: temporal fossa and inferior temporal line

I: coronoid process

inn: mandibular nerve (deep temporal nerve)

A: elevation and retraction of mandible

144
Q

masseter

A

sho: anterior 2/3s of zygomatic arch

dho: posteiror 1/3 of zygomatic arch

i: mandibular angle

inn: mandibular n (masseteric n)

a: elevates and protrudes mandible

145
Q

muscle that opens mouth

A

lateral pterygoid

146
Q

lateral pterygoid

A

SHo: greater wing of sphenoid

IHO: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

I; TMJ

Inn: mandibular nerve (lateral pterygoid n)

A; protrudes mandible and laterally moves mandible

147
Q

motor nerve to tongue

A

hypoglossal n

vagus n

148
Q

hypoglossal n in tongue

A

motor to all muscles except palatoglossus

149
Q

what nerve innervates palatoglossus

A

vagus n

150
Q

what innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal n

sensory and taste

151
Q

hat innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue sensory

A

trigeminal (mandibular)

152
Q

what innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue taste

A

facial n

153
Q

what happens if the hypoglossal nerve is damaged

A

tongue deviates to the same side

154
Q

sublingual glands are

A

parasympathetic

155
Q

intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

change shape of tongue

156
Q

extrinsic muscles of tongue

A

change position of tongue

Anatomy Final (3 decks)

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