Thorax & Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the diaphragm do during ins-piration?

Answer 1

contracts

Question 2

What is the role of external intercostal muscle during inspiration?

Answer 2

increase the anteroposterior chest diameter

Question 3

What are the primary muscles of respiration?

Answer 3

interior intercostals (decrease transverse chest diameter during expiration), SCM and trapezius are accessory muscles (used when there are pulmonary problems)

Question 4

How many lobes do the lungs have?

Answer 4

right:three, left: 2 and a lingula

Question 5

The trachea divides into right and left main bronchi at about what thoracic level?

Answer 5

T4 or T5 just below manubriosternal joint

Question 6

The main bronchi divide into?

Answer 6

three branches on the right and two on the left

Question 7

Which bronchus is winder, shorter, and more vertically placed leaving it more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?

Answer 7

right bronchus

Question 8

Which intercostal space are the male nipples typically located?

Answer 8

4th intercostal space

Question 9

The manubriosternal junction is located at which intercostal space?

Answer 9

2nd intercostal space

Question 10

Where are the lungs located in relation to the clavicles?

Answer 10

the apex is partially above the clavicles

Question 11

How do fetuses have gas exchange?

Answer 11

through placenta (NOT the lungs)

Question 12

How would you describe the chest of a newborn?

Answer 12

round (chest and head circumference are about the same until age 2)

Question 13

Why do premature babies have lung issues?

Answer 13

because the lungs are the last thing to develop

Question 14

What is the proper order of a chest examination?

Answer 14

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

Question 15

When inspecting a patient during a chest exam, what are you looking for

Answer 15

finger clubbing, breath odor, skin, nail and lip cyanosis or pallor, pursing lips, nostril flaring

Question 16

What is the normal respiration rate in an adult?

Answer 16

12-20 breaths/minute

Question 17

Respiratory rhythm in a resting adult is described as what kind of breathing?

Answer 17

kussmaul

Question 18

What kind of respiration patter should a resting adult have?

Answer 18

cheyne-stokes, biot respirations

Question 19

Retractions in the chest wall symmetry would indicate?

Answer 19

obstruction

Question 20

What is the term for-on inspiration, the lower thorax is drawn in, and on expiration, the opposite occurs (thorax moves in a wave from bottom up)

Answer 20

paradoxic breathing

Question 21

Name the three P structures in the body that might produce friction rubs?

Answer 21

pleura, paracardium, and peritineum

Question 22

What could cause deviation of the trachea?

Answer 22

large thyroid, aortic aneurysm, collapsed lung (pneumothorax), cancer-tumor, goiter

Question 23

What side would the diaphragm typically be higher on and from what structure?

Answer 23

the right from the liver

Question 24

What would you want the measurement of diaphragmatic excursion to be in a health patient?

Answer 24

between 3-5 cm difference

Question 25

Where would you expect to hear vesicular breathing?

Answer 25

over healthy lung tissue

Question 26

where would you expect to hear bronchovesicular breath sounds?

Answer 26

over the major bronchi

Question 27

where would you expect to hear bronchial breath sounds?

Answer 27

over the trachea

Question 28

If bronchovesicular and bronchial breath sounds are abnormal, where would you expect to hear them?

Answer 28

over peripheral lung tissue

Question 29

This breah sound is most often heard with large, relatively stiff-walled pulmonary cavity or tension pneumothorax with bronchopleural fistula

Answer 29

amorphic

Question 30

This breah sound is commonly heard over a pulmonary cavity in which the wall is rigid

Answer 30

cavernous

Question 31

When are crackles most likely heard?

Answer 31

during inspiration

Question 32

What causes a wheeze?

Answer 32

a relatively high-velocity air flow through a narrowed or obstructed airway

Question 33

What conditions would most likely produce a wheeze?

Answer 33

bronchospasm od asthma or acute or chronic bronchitis

Question 34

These breath sounds are similar to a wheeze but are deeper, more rumbling, more pronounced during expiration, more likely to be prolonged and continuous, and less discreet than crackles

Answer 34

rhonchi (sonorous wheezes)

Question 35

What causes rhonchi breath sounds?

Answer 35

passage of air through and airway obstructed by thick secretions, muscular spasm, new growth, or external pressure

Question 36

Where would a friction run occur?

Answer 36

outside the respiratory tree

Question 37

Which breath sound has the aka Hamman sign and is found with mediastinal emphysema?

Answer 37

mediastinal crunch

Question 38

Extreme bronchophony where even a whisper can be heard clearly through the stethoscope is what kind of vocal resonance?

Answer 38

pectoriloquy

Question 39

intensity of the spoken voice is increased and there is a nasal quality where e's become stuffy nasal a's in which vocal resonance?

Answer 39

egophony

Question 40

What is the normal respiratory rate in an infant?

Answer 40

40-60 breaths/minute

Question 41

Coughing is rare in infants, what is common?

Answer 41

frequent sneezing and hiccups

Question 42

Infant flaring of alas nasi is an indicator of?

Answer 42

respiratory distress

Question 43

Are children chest resonance more or less than adults?

Answer 43

more

Question 44

Incomplete expansion of the lung at birth or the collapse of lung segment(s) at any age is called?

Answer 44

atelectasis

Question 45

inflammation of the large airways is called?

Answer 45

bronchitis

Question 46

small airway obstruction due to inflammation and hyper-reactive airways is called?

Answer 46

asthma

Question 47

inflammatory process involving the visceral and parietal pleura, which becomes edematous and fibrinous is called?

Answer 47

pleurisy

Question 48

excessive nonpurulent fluid in the pleural space is called?

Answer 48

pleural effusion

Question 49

purulent exudative fluid collected in the pleural space is called?

Answer 49

empyema

Question 50

What is the most common cause of pleural effusion?

Answer 50

CHF

Question 51

presence of air or gas in the potential space of the pleural cavity is called?

Answer 51

pneumothorax

Question 52

Presence of blood in the pleural cavity is called?

Answer 52

hemothorax

Question 53

Generally refers to bronchogenic carcinoma, a malignant tumor that evolves from bronchial epithelial structures

Answer 53

lung cancer

Question 54

Pneumothorax (collapse lung) MC?

Answer 54

marfan's syndrome

Question 55

What are the two biggest risk factors of bronchogenic carcinoma?

Answer 55

radon and smoking

Question 56

well-defined, circumscribed mass defined by inflammation, suppuration, and subsequent central necrosis is a?

Answer 56

lung abscess (infxn)

Question 57

inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective agent (bacterial, fungal, or viral?

Answer 57

pneumonia

Question 58

What lung pathology has a "cluster of grape" appearance?

Answer 58

Bronchiectasis

Question 59

Hemothorax is associated with which pathology?

Answer 59

TB

Question 60

Air inside OR outside the lung would cause what change to breath sounds and resonance?

Answer 60

decrease (air is an insulator)

Question 61

When air is present inside or outside the lung, what happens to percussion?

Answer 61

increased

Question 62

Mucus inside the lung does what to breath sounds and resonance?

Answer 62

increase

Question 63

Mucus outside the lung does what to breath sounds?

Answer 63

decreases

Question 64

Mucus inside or outside the lung causes what kind of noise during percussion?

Answer 64

a dud sounds (thud)