Cardiovascular system

Question 1

the area of the chest overlying the heart

Answer 1

precordium

Question 2

displaced heart to the right of the body with a mirror image

Answer 2

dextrocardia

Question 3

the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver to the left is called?

Answer 3

situs invertus

Question 4

the tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the heart is called?

Answer 4

pericardium

Question 5

which layer of the heart is responsible for the pumping action?

Answer 5

myocardium

Question 6

what separates the atria from the ventricles on the anterior external surface of the heart?

Answer 6

coronary sulcus

Question 7

which ventricle has greater mass?

Answer 7

left (higher pressure in the systemic circulation requires a greater force of contraction in order for blood to be successfully pumped through the body)

Question 8

what is responsible for the apical impulse?

Answer 8

the left ventricles contraction and thrust

Question 9

what causes systole?

Answer 9

ventricles contracting

Question 10

what causes diastole?

Answer 10

atria contracting

Question 11

when does the atriventricular valve open?

Answer 11

during diastole

Question 12

what is the order of the cardiac valves?

Answer 12

tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic (“Try Pulling My Arm”)

Question 13

what does the pulmonic valve separate?

Answer 13

right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

Question 14

what does the aortic valve separate?

Answer 14

left ventricle and the aorta

Question 15

how does blood rush into the pulmonary artery and the aorta from the ventricles?

Answer 15

contraction of the ventricles opens the semilunar valves

Question 16

when do the semilunar valves relax?

Answer 16

during diastole to keep blood from flowing back into the ventricles

Question 17

what causes the first heart sound? (lub) S1

Answer 17

as systole begins, ventricular contraction raises the pressure in the ventricles and forces the mitral and tricuspid valves to CLOSE

Question 18

what causes the second heart sound? (dub) S2

Answer 18

when the ventricles are almost empty, the pressure in the ventricles falls below that in the aorta and pulmonary artery, allowing the aortic and pulmonic valves to CLOSE

Question 19

what causes the S3 sound?

Answer 19

filling of the ventricles

Question 20

what causes the s4 sound?

Answer 20

atria contracting to eject any remaining blood

Question 21

where are the sounds of the valves best heard?

Answer 21

in an area away from the anatomic site because the sound is transmitted in the direction of blood flow

Question 22

when does the ductus arteriosus close?

Answer 22

usually within 24-48 hours after birth

Question 23

when does the intertriatrial foramen oval close?

Answer 23

as pressure rises in the left atrium after birth

Question 24

if the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it as a?

Answer 24

heave or lift

Question 25

a lift or heave along the left sternal border may be caused by?

Answer 25

a right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 26

S1 coincides with with rise (upswing) of what pulse?

Answer 26

carotid

Question 27

split S2 is best heard on inspiration in what auscultory area?

Answer 27

pulmonic

Question 28

a patient who presents with fever and fatigue, has sudden onset of ankle edema and shortness of breath, has signs of neurologic dysfunction, Janeyway lesions, and older nodes should be diagnosed with?

Answer 28

bacterial endocarditis

Question 29

CHF on the left is associate with what type of blood circulation?

Answer 29

pulmonary

Question 30

CHF on the right would be associated with what type of blood circulation?

Answer 30

systemic

Question 31

the palpable, sometimes visible arterial pulses are the result of?

Answer 31

ventricular systole

Question 32

how long does it take to feel ventricular systole in the dorsal pedis artery?

Answer 32

0.2 seconds

Question 33

how long does it take a red blood cell to travel from the heart to the foot?

Answer 33

about 2 seconds

Question 34

this test assesses the patency of the ulnar artery

Answer 34

allen test