Cardiovascular system Flashcards
the area of the chest overlying the heart
precordium
displaced heart to the right of the body with a mirror image
dextrocardia
the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver to the left is called?
situs invertus
the tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the heart is called?
pericardium
which layer of the heart is responsible for the pumping action?
myocardium
what separates the atria from the ventricles on the anterior external surface of the heart?
coronary sulcus
which ventricle has greater mass?
left (higher pressure in the systemic circulation requires a greater force of contraction in order for blood to be successfully pumped through the body)
what is responsible for the apical impulse?
the left ventricles contraction and thrust
what causes systole?
ventricles contracting
what causes diastole?
atria contracting
when does the atriventricular valve open?
during diastole
what is the order of the cardiac valves?
tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic (“Try Pulling My Arm”)
what does the pulmonic valve separate?
right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
what does the aortic valve separate?
left ventricle and the aorta
how does blood rush into the pulmonary artery and the aorta from the ventricles?
contraction of the ventricles opens the semilunar valves
when do the semilunar valves relax?
during diastole to keep blood from flowing back into the ventricles
what causes the first heart sound? (lub) S1
as systole begins, ventricular contraction raises the pressure in the ventricles and forces the mitral and tricuspid valves to CLOSE
what causes the second heart sound? (dub) S2
when the ventricles are almost empty, the pressure in the ventricles falls below that in the aorta and pulmonary artery, allowing the aortic and pulmonic valves to CLOSE
what causes the S3 sound?
filling of the ventricles
what causes the s4 sound?
atria contracting to eject any remaining blood
where are the sounds of the valves best heard?
in an area away from the anatomic site because the sound is transmitted in the direction of blood flow
when does the ductus arteriosus close?
usually within 24-48 hours after birth
when does the intertriatrial foramen oval close?
as pressure rises in the left atrium after birth
if the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it as a?
heave or lift
a lift or heave along the left sternal border may be caused by?
a right ventricular hypertrophy
S1 coincides with with rise (upswing) of what pulse?
carotid
split S2 is best heard on inspiration in what auscultory area?
pulmonic
a patient who presents with fever and fatigue, has sudden onset of ankle edema and shortness of breath, has signs of neurologic dysfunction, Janeyway lesions, and older nodes should be diagnosed with?
bacterial endocarditis
CHF on the left is associate with what type of blood circulation?
pulmonary
CHF on the right would be associated with what type of blood circulation?
systemic
the palpable, sometimes visible arterial pulses are the result of?
ventricular systole
how long does it take to feel ventricular systole in the dorsal pedis artery?
0.2 seconds
how long does it take a red blood cell to travel from the heart to the foot?
about 2 seconds
this test assesses the patency of the ulnar artery
allen test
