Thorax - mediastinum

Question 1

Mediastinum parts

Answer 1

Superior (above sternal angle)

Inferior: anterior, middle, posterior

Question 2

Different parts of pericardium

Answer 2

Fibrous

Serous : Parietal, Visceral (aka epicardium)

Question 3

Neurovascular bundle through fibrous pericardium

Answer 3

Phrenic nerve

Pericardiacophrenic vessel

Question 4

Oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 4

Serous pericardium reflection

Reflection onto pulmonary veins

Question 5

Transverse oblique sinus

Answer 5

Serous pericardium reflection

Seperates arteries from veins

Question 6

Pericardium arterial blood supply

Answer 6

Internal thoracic

Pericardiophrenic

Musculophrenic

Inferior phrenic

Thoracic aorta

Question 7

Pericardial venous supply

Answer 7

Azygous vein

Internal thoracic

Superior phrenic

Question 8

Nerve supply of pericardium

Answer 8

Vagus

Sympathetic

Phrenic

Question 9

Coronary arteries and veins pairing

Answer 9

Great cardiac vein and LAD

Middle cardiac vein and posterior interventricular branch of RCA

Small cardiac vein and RCA

Question 10

Coronary sulcus

Answer 10

Divides atria from ventricles

Question 11

Interventricular sulcus

Answer 11

Anterior and posterior

Separates ventricles from each other

Question 12

Right atrium anatomy

Answer 12

Note:

Musculi pectinati (sepperated from smooth wall by crista terminalis)

Opening of coronary sinus

Question 13

Anatomy of right ventricle

Answer 13

Note:

• Cordae tendineae attaches tricuspid cusps to papillary muscles
• Conus arteriosus (infundibulum) is outflow tract
• Inflow tract covered by trabeculae carnae

Question 14

Anatomy of left atrium

Answer 14

Note:

• anterior half is continuous with left auricle, contains musculi pectinati,
• no structures sepparte the smooth from muscular part of the atrium

Question 15

Left ventricle anatomy

Answer 15

Question 16

Where are coronary arteries originated from

Answer 16

Aortic root

Question 17

Coronary artery branches

Answer 17

Note:

anterior Interventricular = LAD

Marginal branch = obtuse

Question 18

Lymphatic drainage of heart

Answer 18

brachiocephalic nodes

tracheobronchial nodes

Question 19

Cardiac conduction

Answer 19

Question 20

Cardiac innervation

Answer 20

Deep and superficial cardiac plexus formed from PSN and SN

Question 21

Structures within superior mediastinum

Answer 21

Thymus

Vessels: Brachiocephalic vessels, Left superior intercostal vein, SVC, Arch of aorta

Trachea

Oesophagus

Phrenic/vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal )

Thoracic duct

Question 22

Structures within the posterior mediastinum

Answer 22

DATES

Descending aorta

Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein

Thoracic duct

Esophagus

Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.

Question 23

Branches of thoracic aorta

Answer 23

6 branches

Pericardial

Bronchial

Eesophageal

Mediastinal

Superior phrenic

Subcostal

Question 24

Azygous venous system

Answer 24

Question 25

Thoracic duct origin

Answer 25

Begins with abdominal lymph nodes joining forming cisterna chyli

Question 26

Thoracic duct vertebral level

Answer 26

L2 to root of neck

Question 27

Where does the thoracic duct drain into

Answer 27

Left subclavian trunk

Question 28

Points of narrowing in oesophagus

Answer 28

ABCD A- aortic arch B- left main bronchus C- Cricoid cartilage D- Diaphragmatic hiatus

Question 29

Upper 3rd oesophagus artery/vein/lymph supply

Answer 29

Inferior thyroid artery and vein Deep cervical

Question 30

Middle 3rd oesophagus artery/vein/lymph supply

Answer 30

Aortic branches Azygous vein Pre/para aortic nodes

Question 31

Lower 3rd oesophagus artery/vein/lymph supply

Answer 31

Left gastric artery and vein Coeliac nodes

Question 32

Innervation of upper oesophagus

Answer 32

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 33

Innervation of lower oesophagus

Answer 33

Oesophageal plexus (vagus)

Question 34

Thebesian drain into where

Answer 34

Small veins drain directly into atrium

Question 35

Course of phrenic nerve entering mediastinum

Answer 35

Anterior to subclavian artery, posterior to subclavian vein and lateral border of anterior scalene

Question 36

Xiphosternum dermatome

Answer 36

T7

Question 37

Collateral systems to SVC obstruction

Answer 37

Azygous system Internal thoracic path Long thoracic connected to femoral vein Long thoracic connected to vertebral veins