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Clinical Foundations > Thorax exam > Flashcards

Thorax exam Flashcards

1
Q

Normal adult respirations

A

12-20 / min

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2
Q

Normal newborn respirations

A

30-40 / min

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3
Q

4 components of the cardiovascular exam

A

Percussion, inspection, palpation, auscultation

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4
Q

Normal JVP measurement

A

< 8-9 cm

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5
Q

In patients with this condition, jugular venous pressure may elevate on expiration and the veins may collapse on inspiration

A

COPD
Is NOT indicative of heart failure

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6
Q

The point of maximal impulse is between these ribs

A

5 and 6

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7
Q

Palpation in the cardiac exam with movement of the sternum

A

Abnormal right ventricular lift

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8
Q

Palpation in the cardiac exam with left sternal border motion

A

Abnormal left ventricular lift

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9
Q

Lateral displacement of the apical impulse toward the axillary line from ventricular dilation is seen in these 3 conditions

A

Heart failure
Cardiomyopathy
Ischemic heart disease

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10
Q

2nd right intercostal space contains this

A

Aorta

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11
Q

2nd left intercostal space contains this

A

Pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

Lower left sternal border contains this

A

Tricuspid valve

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13
Q

S2 is heard in this area

A

2nd right and left intercostal spaces at the upper sternal border

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14
Q

S2 is heard with this part of the stethoscope

A

Diaphragm

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15
Q

Characteristic S2 split is usually best heard here

A

Left 2nd intercostal space close to the sternum

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16
Q

The S2 split is heard with this part of the stethoscope

A

Diaphragm

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17
Q

The S2 split is heard during inhalation or exhalation?

A

Inhalation

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18
Q

The S1 sound is loudest here

A

4th left intercostal space at the left sternal border

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19
Q

S4 is heard in these patients

A

Diastolic heart failure

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20
Q

S4 is heard in the same location as this sound

A

S1
(at 4th left ICS)

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21
Q

S1 sound is due to these structures

A

Tricuspid and mitral valves

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22
Q

S2 sound is due to these structures

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves

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23
Q

Sound heard in diastolic heart failure patients

A

S4

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24
Q

Sound heard in systolic heart failure patients

A

S3

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25
Q

Part of the stethoscope that can be used to hear heart sounds when the lungs are too loud

A

Bell

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26
Q

Mitral stenosis and S3 may be heard here

A

Mitral area
Apex of heart / PMI

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27
Q

Rolling the patient to the left lateral position allows these to be heard over the PMI with the bell

A

Mitral stenosis and S3

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28
Q

Part of the stethoscope used over the PMI to hear mitral stenosis and S3

A

Bell

29
Q

Opening snap sound is from this valve opening

A

Mitral valve

30
Q

Sound that is rapid deceleration of blood in the dilated left ventricle of systolic CHF
Ken-tucky gallop

A

S3

31
Q

Ken-tucky gallop is heard in this sound

A

S3

32
Q

Systolic CHF leads to this sound

A

S3

33
Q

Sound heard as the atrium contracts, the blood rapidly decelerates as it hits the thickened left ventricle of diastolic CHF or LVH
Tenne-ssee gallop

A

S4

34
Q

Diastolic CHF leads to this sound

A

S4

35
Q

Tenne-sse gallop is heard in this sound

A

S4

36
Q

Sound that may sometimes be normal in children, pregnant women, and well-trained athletes

A

S3

37
Q

Do heart murmurs have a longer or shorter duration than heart sounds?

A

Longer

38
Q

Sound due to turbulent blood flow usually through a valve

A

Heart murmurs

39
Q

Mid-systolic murmur of MVP is an example of this murmur

A

Crescendo

40
Q

Early diastolic murmur of AR is an example of this murmur

A

Decrescendo

41
Q

Mid-systolic murmur of AS is an example of this murmur

A

Crescendo-decrescendo

42
Q

Pan-systolic murmur of MR is an example of this murmur

A

Plateau

43
Q

Gradation of murmurs that is:
very faint, heard only after listener has “tuned in”, may not be heard in all positions

A

Grade 1

44
Q

Gradation of murmurs that is:
Quiet, but heard immediately after placing the stethoscope on the chest

A

Grade 2

45
Q

Gradation of murmurs that is:
moderately loud

A

Grade 3

46
Q

Gradation of murmurs that is:
Loud with palpable thrill

A

Grade 4

47
Q

Gradation of murmurs that is:
Very loud with thrill, may be heard when the stethoscope is partly off the chest

A

Grade 5

48
Q

Gradation of murmurs that is:
Very loud with thrill, may be heard with stethoscope entirely off the chest

A

Grade 6

49
Q

Position where patients leans over is necessary, otherwise the soft diastolic murmur of this may be missed

A

Aortic regurgitation

50
Q

Tachypnea value

A

> 25 /min

51
Q

Bradypnea

A

<8 /min

52
Q

Pneumonia has this effect on tactile fremitus

A

Increased

53
Q

Pneumothorax or pleural effusion has this effect on tactile fremitus

A

Decreased

54
Q

Denser or inflamed lung tissue has this effect on tactile fremitus

A

Increased

55
Q

Air or fluid has this effect on tactile fremitus

A

Decreased

56
Q

Type of percussion note that is:
Normal

A

Resonant

57
Q

Type of percussion note that is:
Consolidation or collapse

A

Dullness

58
Q

Type of percussion note that is:
Pleural effusion

A

Stony dullness

59
Q

Type of percussion note that is:
Pneumothorax

A

Hyper-resonant

60
Q

Breath sound where inspiratory sounds last longer than expiratory sounds

A

Vesicular

61
Q

Breath sound where inspiratory and expiratory sounds are about equal, but intermediate intensity of expiratory sound

A

Broncho-vesicular

62
Q

Breath sound where expiratory sounds last longer than inspiratory ones

A

Bronchial

63
Q

Breath sound where inspiratory and expiratory sounds are about equal, but very loud intensity of expiratory sound

A

Tracheal

64
Q

Adventitious sound:
Discontinuous or like dots in time, nonmusical

A

Crackles

65
Q

Adventitious sound:
Usually expiratory
Continuous or like dashes in time, musical, high pitched

A

Wheezes

66
Q

Adventitious sound:
Usually inspiratory
Continuous, low pitched, snoring quality sounds

A

Rhonchi

67
Q

Adventitious sound:
High pitched in larynx or lower in the bronchial tree due to narrowing of the upper airway
Usually inspiratory
Found commonly in croup, epiglottitis, foreign body, or laryngeal tumors

A

Stridor

68
Q

Normal breath sound

A

Vesicular

69
Q

Sound with airless lung

A

Bronchial or bronchovesicular

Clinical Foundations (5 decks)

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