thorax & breathing

Question 1

where is the thorax?

Answer 1

from the sternum to vertebral column T1-T12

Question 2

what is the thorax composed of?

Answer 2

rib cage + muscle + sternum

Question 3

what is contained in the thorax?

Answer 3

heart, lungs, pleura, b.v, nerves

Question 4

what is the mediastinum?

Answer 4

the central portion of the thorax

Question 5

which ribs are termed floating?

Answer 5

11 + 12

Question 6

which ribs are termed false?

Answer 6

8-10

Question 7

which is the tissue that lines the lungs?

Answer 7

pleura

Question 8

what type of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 8

skeletal but involuntary

Question 9

where do primary bronchi and b.v enter the lung?

Answer 9

hilum

Question 10

which lung has 3 lobes and why?

Answer 10

right, left has heart so less space

Question 11

how are lobes separated in the left lung?

Answer 11

oblique fissures

Question 12

how are lobes separated in the right lung?

Answer 12

horizontal fissures

Question 13

what enters/leaves at the hilum?

Answer 13

bronchi, pulmonary vein and artery

Question 14

what is pleura made of?

Answer 14

mesothelium- fine layer of epithelium

Question 15

what does parietal pleura line?

Answer 15

whole of thoracic cavity

Question 16

what does visceral pleura do?

Answer 16

lies against parietal and covers outer surface of lung

Question 17

what partitions off the mediastinum?

Answer 17

parietal pleura

Question 18

where is pleural fluid produced?

Answer 18

the space between parietal and visceral layers

Question 19

which muscles depress ribs?

Answer 19

internal intercostals

Question 20

which muscles elevate ribs?

Answer 20

external intercostals

Question 21

which muscle depresses last rib?

Answer 21

quadratus lamborum

Question 22

what accessory muscles are used in respiration?

Answer 22

sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, pectoralis major

Question 23

what does the sternocleidomastoid do in respiration?

Answer 23

raises the clavicle in forced inspiration

Question 24

what do scalene muscles do?

Answer 24

raise the first rib in forced inspiration

Question 25

what does pectoralis major do?

Answer 25

widens the thorax in forced inspiration

Question 26

what is the blood air barrier composed of?

Answer 26

capillary endothelium-basement membrane, interstitial space, basement membrane of alveolus, alveolar epithelium