THORAX, BREAST, HEART Flashcards by Andrei Quintana

Ratio of anteroposterior to transverse ratio.

If opposite?

1:2

Barrel Chest

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What consists of the accessory muscle

Trapezius and shoulder

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if using accessory muscle/ TRIPOD POSITION- it may indicate COPD which means

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES

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Also known as subcutaneous emphysema

CREPITUSs- crackling sensation when air passes through fluid or exudate

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Unequal fremitus is usually the result of

CONSOLIDATION

diminished fremitus- obstruction

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chest expansion deviation.

=unequal chest expansion can occur with severe ______

Atelactasis

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What is the percussion tone elicited over normal lung tissue

Resonance

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trapped air

emphysema

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how many cm is normal for diaphragmatic excursion?`

3-5

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3 types of breath sounds

bronchial
Vesicular
bronchovesicular

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short during inspiration long in expiration

Bronchial

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SAME in inspiration and expiration

Bronchovesicular

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Long in inspiration, short in expiration

Vesicular

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Sternum sinking

Pectus excavatum

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Sternum protrution

Pectus carinatum/ PIGEON CHEST

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normal respiratory rate

10-20 breaths per minute

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more than 24 breaths per minute

tachypnea

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less than 10 breaths per minute

bradypnea

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Sternomastoid and rectus abdominus is the _____

accessory muscles in anterior thorax

a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung.

atelactasis

what quadrant of the breast is the most targeted by breast cancer/ malignant tumors

upper outer

breast- orange peel apperance

peau d’orange

term for 4 nipples and is it normal?

normal.

supernumerary nipples

3 patterns of palpating the breasts?

palpate with?

circular- most common
wedged
vertical

palpate with 3 finger pads

man boobs

gynecomastia

3 types of breast lumps

fibroadenoma- benign milk cysts- infection lipoma- fat

acanthosis nigricans is

darkenning or armpits

distended jugular venous pulse indicates

hypertension

JV pressure- 45* protrution. If deviation=

kussmaul's sign

normal grade for carotid artery auscultation

2+ weak- hypovolemia strong- hypervolemia

vibratory sensations felt on the skin overlying the heart, which indicates turbulence

thrills

tachy/bradycardia lower heart rate or less than 10

bradycardia

tachy/bradycardia higher heart rate

tachycardia *T*akbo- Higher heart rate

characterized by purple flanks

grey-turner kasunod ng F, G

Characterized by dark-bluish-pink striae

cushing's syndrome

Abdominal bleeding red spots/moles

petechiae

bluish-purple UMBILLICUS

Cullen's sign

term for Bruising

Ecchymosis

4 contours

flat rounded scaphoid protrumbent/distended

4 types of hernia

umbilical- umbilicus protruding Diastasis recti- abdomnial separation epigastric- weakness in the linea alba (taas ng umbilicus) Incisional- bulging from incisions

span of the liver in the midsternal and midclavicular line

midsternal- 4-8 midclavicular- 8-12

Dullness of spleen is greater than 7 cm. Enlargement.

Splenomegaly

Rebound tenderness- also known as ______ sign

blumberg's sign

pain in the RLQ during pressure in LLQ is what sign

Rovsing

Psoas sign

Pain in RLQ on leg hyperextention