Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
Adventitious breath sounds
abnormal auscultated breath sounds such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and friction rub
Apnea
temporary halt to breathing
asthma (reactive airway disease)
small airway obstruction caused by inflammation and hyperactive airways
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the lung
barrel chest
increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, often with some degree of kyphosis; commonly seen in COPD
Biot respirations
irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern
Bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated infections or bronchial obstructions
Bronchitis
inflammation of the large airways
Bronchophony
exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of a spoken word)
Bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
disease process which causes decreased ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation (nonspecific diagnosis that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema)
Dyspnea
difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath
Egophony
auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality. May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue
Hemoptysis
coughing up of blood or bloodstained septum from the respiratory tree
Kyphosis
increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine
Normal breath sounds: Vesicular
heard over most of the lung fields; low pitch, soft and short expirations
Normal Breath sounds: Tubular
Heard only over trachea, high pitch; loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration
Normal Breath sounds: Bronchovesicular
heard over main bronchus area and over upper right posterior lung field; medium pith; expiration equals inspiration
Orthopnea
shortness of breath that begins or increases when patient lies down
Pectoriloquy
striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope; commonly occurs from lung consolidation
Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
forward protrusion of the sternum
Pectus excavation (funnel chest)
depression of the sternum
Resonance
quality of the sound heard on percussion of a hollow structure such as the chest or abdomen
Tachypnea
Rapid, usually shallow, breathing
Tactile Fremitus
a tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation
Whispered pectoriloquy
transmission of a whisper in the same way as that of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated by pneumonia (increase in volume of voice sounds)
