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Equine Anatomy > Thorax & Abdominal Body Wall > Flashcards

Thorax & Abdominal Body Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Line of pleural reflection landmarks

A

8-9th costal arch –> dorsocaudally to 18th rib –> reflects cranially to 17th IC space

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2
Q

What is the line of pleural reflection

A

Where costal parietal pleura becomes diaphragmatic parietal pleura

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3
Q

What is the basal border of the lungs

A

Dorsal: epaxial muscles
Cranial: olecrannon-scapular cartilage
Caudoventral: 6th costochondral junction - middle of 11th rib - dorsal 16th rib (6-11-16)

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4
Q

External intercostal: fiber direction & function

A

Caudoventral, inspiration

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5
Q

Internal intercostal: fiber direction & function

A

Cranioventral, expiration

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6
Q

Where on the ribs do the vessels and nerves run

A

Caudal aspect

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7
Q

What/where is the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

caudal to basal border of lung, where costal and diaphragmatic pleura come into contact

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8
Q

Why do we care about the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

It overlies the abdominal cavity
When doing a liver biopsy, do on expiration so you don’t puncture the lung

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9
Q

What/where is the cupula pleura

A

Where costal pleura reflects back to become the mediastinal pleura (cranial)
Extends cranial to first rib on RIGHT side

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10
Q

Why do we care about the cupula pleura

A

On the right side, it extends very far cranial (past first rib) so punctures/lacerations that look innocent may cause a pneumothorax

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11
Q

Where do we listen for the different valves in the heart

A

L AV: ventral 5th IC space, caudodorsal to olecrannon
Aortic: dorsal 4th IC
Pulmonary: ventral 3rd IC
R AV: ventral 3rd/4th IC

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12
Q

Where are the cardiac notches

A

L - 3-6 IC space
R - 3-4 IC space

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13
Q

What is special about the vessels that exit the heart in the horse

A

Everything branches off the brachiocephalic trunk

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14
Q

T/F: the caudal vena cava is ventral to the aorta

A

True

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15
Q

What is special about the equine mediastinum and why do we care

A

It has fenestrations, very easy for pneumothoraxes to become bilateral

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16
Q

What is the course of the phrenic nerve

A

ventral branch of SCS C5,5,7 –> caudoventrally over CrVC [R] or base of heart [L] –> ventral to lung root –> diaphragm

17
Q

Vagus nerve - path

A

Exits skull via tympano-occipital fissure –>
dorsal ganglion of the vagus –>
vagosympathetic trunk to middle cervical ganglion –>
At level of heart/lungs - split into dorsal and ventral trunks –>
trunks reunite and pass through diaphragm in esophageal hiatus

18
Q

Grooves of the heart - what side do they live on and what vessels run through them

A

RIGHT - subsinuosal groove: R coronary a., middle cardiac v.

LEFT - paraconal interventricular groove: L coronary a., great cardiac v.

19
Q

What lives between the auricles

A

The pulmonary trunk (pulmonary a.)

20
Q

EAO (a, fd, f)

A

Tuber coxae, linea alba, prepubic tendon, last ribs
Caudoventral
Compress viscera, flex vertebral laterally

21
Q

IAO: (a, fd, f)

A

Tuber coaxae & dorsal inguinal ligament - last rib, costal cartilage, linea alba
cranioventral
Compress & support viscera

22
Q

TA (a, fd, f)

A

Lumbar trans process - medial costal cartilage & linea alba
Transverse
Abdominal press, move pelvis cranial, flex trunk

23
Q

RA (a, fd, f)

A

Xiphoid/4th rib - prepubic tendon
Longitudinal
Compress, support viscera

24
Q

EAO contribution to inguinal ring

A

Slit in aponeurosis = superficial inguinal ring
free edge = inguinal ligamanet = caudal boundary of deep inguinal ring

25
Q

IAO contribution to inguinal rings

A

Caudal free edge = cranial border of deep inguinal ring

26
Q

RA contribution to inguinal rings

A

Medial boundary of deep inguinal ring

27
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

Cranial: diaphragm
Ventral: rectus abdominus
Lateral: body wall muscles
Dorsal: lumbar vert., epaxials
Caudal: pelvic inlet

28
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach

A

T18-L4
Ribs 9-18
Sternum

29
Q

Latissimus dorsi (a, f)

A

thoracolumbar fascia to teres major tuberosity
Moves limb caudally, moves body forward if limb is planted

30
Q

What are the epaxial muscles from dorsal –> lateroventral

A

Transversospinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

31
Q

What is the anatomic name for the ‘spur vein’

A

Superficial thoracic vein
Runs with the lateral thoracic nerve

32
Q

Why do we care about the superficial thoracic vein

A

-Can be used for a catheter
-Need to avoid when doing a pleural tap (want to be dorsal to the vein)

33
Q

What makes up the pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Mediastinal parietal pleura

34
Q

What are the openings in the diaphragm and what passes through each

A

Aortic hiatus: aorta, azygous, thoracic duct
Esophageal hiatus: esophagus, vagal trunks
Caval foramen: caudal vena cava

35
Q

What is a ‘heave line’ from

A

The hypertrophy of the EAO makes a visible line between the muscle fibers and the aponeurosis

Equine Anatomy (5 decks)

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