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Equine Anatomy > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral formula

A

C7
T18
L6(5)
S5
C15-21

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2
Q

What makes up the median pectoral groove

A

Superficial pecs
Manubrium is in most proximal aspect

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3
Q

What makes up the lateral pectoral grooves

A

Medial - superficial pec
Lateral - Brachiocephalicus

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4
Q

What veins from the head drain into the external jugular

A

Lunguofacial & maxillary

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5
Q

Where does the deep fascia of the neck attach

A

1st rib, sternum, blends with endothoracic fascia

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6
Q

Who lives in the carotid sheath

A

Vagosymp trunk
Common carotid
Internal jug
Tracheal duct

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7
Q

What structures surround the carotid sheath

A

Lat - omohyoideus (cranial ⅓ of neck)
Med - deep fascia of esophagus
Ventral - trachea
Dorsal - Longus colli & scalenus

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8
Q

What are the two main portions of the nuchal ligament

A

Lamellar and funicular

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9
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament start/end

A

Occipital bone to T4, continues as supraspinous ligament to the sacrum

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10
Q

Where are bursa found (in regards to the nuchal ligament)

A

C1, C2, T2, T3

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11
Q

describe the lamellar portion of the nuchal ligament

A

Attaches to the cervical vertebrae, large amount of elastic fibers = recoil –> head & neck can be raised with minimal effort

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12
Q

describe the funicular portion of the nuchal ligament

A

Dorsal segment, paired

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13
Q

Where does the dorsoscapular ligament start/end

A

Supraspinous ligament - medial scapula

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14
Q

What is the function of the dorsoscapular ligament

A

Shock absorption

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15
Q

Boundaries of the jugular groove

A

Dorsal: brachiocephalicus
Ventral: sternocephalicus
Medial: omohyoideus (cranial ½)
Lateral: cutaneus colli (caudal ⅔)

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16
Q

Why do we care about the boundaries of the jugular groove

A

Venipuncture - wan to go for cranial ⅓ of neck where cutaneous colli isn’t covering the vein

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17
Q

Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea in the cranial v caudal neck

A

Dorsal —> L side

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of Viborg’s triangle

A

Ramus of mandible
Linguofacial vein
Tendon of sternocephalicus

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19
Q

Landmarks (bony and muscular) to find the superficial cervical lymph node

A

Cranial aspect of scapula along cranial edge of subclavius
Between omotransversarius and brachiocephalicus (lat) and omohyoideus (med)

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20
Q

Where do the superficial cervical artery and the cephalic vein live

A

lateral pectoral groove

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21
Q

Cutaneus colli (A)

A

Manubrium - superfical fascia

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22
Q

Cutaneous colli (F)

A

sling to support body weight

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23
Q

Superficial pec (a)

A

sternum - medial forelimb

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24
Q

superficial pec (f)

A

adduction, pro/retraction

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25
Q

Deep pec (a)

A

Sternum - greater and lesster tubercles of the humerus

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26
Q

Deep pec (f)

A

pro/retraction

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27
Q

Subclavius (a)

A

Manubrium - Supraspinatous ligament and shoulder fascia

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28
Q

Subclavius (f)

A

Sling

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29
Q

Splenius (a)

A

funicular portion of nuchal ligament & trans. cervical vertebrae - rhomboideus

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30
Q

Splenius (f)

A

extends and elevates head, moves head and neck laterally

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31
Q

Trapezius (a)

A

Funicular nuchal ligamnet - spine of scapula

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32
Q

Trapezius (f)

A

extends and elevates head, moves head and neck laterally

33
Q

Omotransversarius (a)

A

Shoulder fascia - C2-C4
not just C2 like in the dog

34
Q

Omotransversarius (f)

A

extends limb, move head/neck laterally

35
Q

Brachiocephalicus (a)

A

Crest of humerus - mastoid process

36
Q

Brachiocephalicus (f)

A

Extends limb, moves head laterally

37
Q

Serratus ventralis (a)

A

Trans. processes of C4-7 & ribs 1-8/9 - dorsomedial scapula

38
Q

Serratus ventralis (f)

A

suspends trunk, raises neck, inspiration

39
Q

Sternocephalicus (a)

A

manubrium - caudal mandible

40
Q

Sternocephalicus (f)

A

Pull head laterally or ventrally

41
Q

Omohyoideus (a)

A

Shoulder fascia - basihyoid

42
Q

Omohyoideus (f)

A

Retracts larynx

43
Q

Rhomboideus (a)

A

nuchal and dorsoscapular ligaments & C2-T8 - scapular cartilage

44
Q

Rhomboideus (f)

A

elevates head, moves scapula dorsocranially and dorsal scapula medially

45
Q

Scalenus (a)

A

1st rib - trans. cervical vertebrae

46
Q

Longissimus (a)

A

trans. processes - skull

47
Q

Longissimus (f)

A

flex, laterally bend neck

48
Q

Semispinalis capitus/transversospinalis (a)

A

cervical vert and T1-8 - skull

49
Q

Longus colli (a)

A

trans, cervical vert & body of thoracic vert - C1

50
Q

Longus colli (f)

A

moves neck laterally

51
Q

Longus capitus (a)

A

Trans. C3-5 - base of skull

52
Q

Longus capitus (f)

A

flex head/neck, raise head/neck

53
Q

Sternohyoideus (a)

A

manubrium - basihyoid

54
Q

Sternothyroideus (a)

A

manubrium - thyroid cartilage

55
Q

What muscles does the ventral branch of accessory nerve innervate

A

sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus,

56
Q
A

Sternocephalicus

57
Q
A

Serratus ventralis

58
Q
A

Omohyoideus

59
Q
A

Omohyoideus

60
Q
A

Omohyoideus

61
Q
A

Rhomboideus

62
Q
A

Semispinalis capitus

63
Q
A

Longus capitus

64
Q
A

Sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus

65
Q
A

Cutaneous colli

66
Q
A

Accessory nerve

67
Q
A

External jugular vein

68
Q
A

Funicular portion of Michael ligament

69
Q
A

Splenius

70
Q
A

Trapezius

71
Q
A

Carotid sheath

72
Q

The medial muscles

A

Sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus

73
Q
A

Esophagus

74
Q
A

Lamellar portion of unchallenged ligament

75
Q
A

Thyroid gland

76
Q
A

Subclavius

77
Q

Describe the course of CN XI

A

Emerges from skull via tympanooccipital fissure
Dorsal and ventral branches diverge near C1
Ventral branch runs deep to wings of C1
Dorsal branch runs between omotransversarius and trapezius

78
Q

What muscles does the dorsal branch of accessory nerve innervate

A

trapezius, splenius, omotransversarius

Equine Anatomy (5 decks)

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