The Neck Flashcards by Emily M

Vertebral formula

C7
T18
L6(5)
S5
C15-21

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What makes up the median pectoral groove

Superficial pecs
Manubrium is in most proximal aspect

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What makes up the lateral pectoral grooves

Medial - superficial pec
Lateral - Brachiocephalicus

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What veins from the head drain into the external jugular

Lunguofacial & maxillary

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Where does the deep fascia of the neck attach

1st rib, sternum, blends with endothoracic fascia

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Who lives in the carotid sheath

Vagosymp trunk
Common carotid
Internal jug
Tracheal duct

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What structures surround the carotid sheath

Lat - omohyoideus (cranial ⅓ of neck)
Med - deep fascia of esophagus
Ventral - trachea
Dorsal - Longus colli & scalenus

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What are the two main portions of the nuchal ligament

Lamellar and funicular

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Where does the nuchal ligament start/end

Occipital bone to T4, continues as supraspinous ligament to the sacrum

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Where are bursa found (in regards to the nuchal ligament)

C1, C2, T2, T3

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describe the lamellar portion of the nuchal ligament

Attaches to the cervical vertebrae, large amount of elastic fibers = recoil –> head & neck can be raised with minimal effort

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describe the funicular portion of the nuchal ligament

Dorsal segment, paired

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Where does the dorsoscapular ligament start/end

Supraspinous ligament - medial scapula

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What is the function of the dorsoscapular ligament

Shock absorption

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Boundaries of the jugular groove

Dorsal: brachiocephalicus
Ventral: sternocephalicus
Medial: omohyoideus (cranial ½)
Lateral: cutaneus colli (caudal ⅔)

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Why do we care about the boundaries of the jugular groove

Venipuncture - wan to go for cranial ⅓ of neck where cutaneous colli isn’t covering the vein

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Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea in the cranial v caudal neck

Dorsal —> L side

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What are the boundaries of Viborg’s triangle

Ramus of mandible
Linguofacial vein
Tendon of sternocephalicus

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Landmarks (bony and muscular) to find the superficial cervical lymph node

Cranial aspect of scapula along cranial edge of subclavius
Between omotransversarius and brachiocephalicus (lat) and omohyoideus (med)

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Where do the superficial cervical artery and the cephalic vein live

lateral pectoral groove

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Cutaneus colli (A)

Manubrium - superfical fascia

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Cutaneous colli (F)

sling to support body weight

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Superficial pec (a)

sternum - medial forelimb

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superficial pec (f)

adduction, pro/retraction

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Deep pec (a)

Sternum - greater and lesster tubercles of the humerus

Deep pec (f)

pro/retraction

Subclavius (a)

Manubrium - Supraspinatous ligament and shoulder fascia

Subclavius (f)

Sling

Splenius (a)

funicular portion of nuchal ligament & trans. cervical vertebrae - rhomboideus

Splenius (f)

extends and elevates head, moves head and neck laterally

Trapezius (a)

Funicular nuchal ligamnet - spine of scapula

Trapezius (f)

extends and elevates head, moves head and neck laterally

Omotransversarius (a)

Shoulder fascia - C2-C4 **not just C2 like in the dog**

Omotransversarius (f)

extends limb, move head/neck laterally

Brachiocephalicus (a)

Crest of humerus - mastoid process

Brachiocephalicus (f)

Extends limb, moves head laterally

Serratus ventralis (a)

Trans. processes of C4-7 & ribs 1-8/9 - dorsomedial scapula

Serratus ventralis (f)

suspends trunk, raises neck, inspiration

Sternocephalicus (a)

manubrium - caudal mandible

Sternocephalicus (f)

Pull head laterally or ventrally

Omohyoideus (a)

Shoulder fascia - basihyoid

Omohyoideus (f)

Retracts larynx

Rhomboideus (a)

nuchal and dorsoscapular ligaments & C2-T8 - scapular cartilage

Rhomboideus (f)

elevates head, moves scapula dorsocranially and dorsal scapula medially

Scalenus (a)

1st rib - trans. cervical vertebrae

Longissimus (a)

trans. processes - skull

Longissimus (f)

flex, laterally bend neck

Semispinalis capitus/transversospinalis (a)

cervical vert and T1-8 - skull

Longus colli (a)

trans, cervical vert & body of thoracic vert - C1

Longus colli (f)

moves neck laterally

Longus capitus (a)

Trans. C3-5 - base of skull

Longus capitus (f)

flex head/neck, raise head/neck

Sternohyoideus (a)

manubrium - basihyoid

Sternothyroideus (a)

manubrium - thyroid cartilage

What muscles does the ventral branch of accessory nerve innervate

sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus,

Sternocephalicus

Serratus ventralis

Omohyoideus

Rhomboideus

Semispinalis capitus

Longus capitus

Sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus

Cutaneous colli

Accessory nerve

External jugular vein

Funicular portion of Michael ligament

Splenius

Trapezius

Carotid sheath

The medial muscles

Sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus

Esophagus

Lamellar portion of unchallenged ligament

Thyroid gland

Subclavius

Describe the course of CN XI

Emerges from skull via tympanooccipital fissure Dorsal and ventral branches diverge near C1 Ventral branch runs deep to wings of C1 Dorsal branch runs between omotransversarius and trapezius

What muscles does the dorsal branch of accessory nerve innervate

trapezius, splenius, omotransversarius