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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Costovertebral joint.

A

Head of the rib articulates with the facet on the body of the vertebrae.

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2
Q

Costotransverse joint.

A

Tubercle of the rib articulates with facet on the transverse process.

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3
Q

Costochondral joint.

A

Shaft of the rib articulates with costal cartilage.

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4
Q

Transverse diameter of the thorax is changed by.

A

Bucket handle movement of the ribs.

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5
Q

AP diameter of the thorax is changed by.

A

Pump handle movement of the ribs.

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6
Q

Vertical diameter of the thorax is changed by.

A

Contraction of the diaphragm.

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7
Q

Intercostal muscles.

A

External intercostal.

Internal intercostal.

Transverse thoracis which is made of.
Sternocostalis anteriorly
Innermost intercostal laterally
Subcostalis posteriorly.

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8
Q

Neuromuscular place of the ribs.

A

Lies between internal and innermost intercostal muscles in the costal groove on the inferior border of the rib.

Vein / artery / nerve - above downwards

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9
Q

Anterior intercostal arteries are branches of.

A

In the upper 6 spaces - Internal thoracic artery.

In the lower 6 spaces - musculophrenic artery

There are 2 anterior intercostal arteries in each space.

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10
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries are branches of.

A

In upper 2 spaces - branch of superior intercostal artery - which is a branch of costocervical trunk from 2nd part of subclavian.

In the lower spaces - they are branches of descending thoracic aorta.

There is 1 posterior intercostal artery in each space.

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11
Q

Anterior and posterior intercostal artery anastomoses.

A

The 1 posterior intercostal artery gives collateral branch at the angle of rib.

The 2 branches anastomose with the 2 anterior intercostal arteries at the costocondral junction.

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12
Q

Anterior intercostal veins drain into.

A

Upper 6 spaces the anterior intercostal veins drain into the internal thoracic vein.

The lower spaces the anterior intercostal veins drain into the musculophrenic vein.

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13
Q

Intercostal nerve.

A

Ventral Ramus of a thoracic spinal segment.

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14
Q

Branches of intercostal nerves.

A

Anterior cutaneous branch.
Lateral cutaneous branch.
Muscular branches.

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15
Q

Typical intercostal nerves and atypical intercostal.

A

Typical intercostal nerves - T3-T6.

Atypical intercostal nerves-

  1. T1 joins the brachial plexus and supplies the upper limb
  2. T2 - lateral cutaneous branch of T2 joins with the medial cutaneous nerve of arm to form the intercostobrachial nerve.
  3. Lower intercostal nerves supply muscles of the anterior abdomen.
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16
Q

Intercostobrachial nerve is formed by.

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of T2 joins with the medial cutaneous nerve of arm to form the intercostobrachial nerve.

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17
Q

Apex of lung position.

A

5 cm above the first rib.

2.5 cm above the clavicle.

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18
Q

Coverings of the apex of lung.

A

Cervical pleura.
Further covered by Sibson’s fascia / suprapleural membrane / cervicothoracic diaphragm / scalenus minimus.

Sibson’s fascia - Extends from transverse process of C7 to the inner border of the 1st rib.

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19
Q

Oral diaphragm is formed by.

A

Myelohyoid.

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20
Q

Pelvic diaphragm is formed by.

A

Levator ani.

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21
Q

Urogenital diaphragm is formed by.

A

Sphincter urethri and deep transverse perenii.

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22
Q

Relations of neck of 1st rib.

A

SVAN (Medial to lateral)

Sympathetic chain
1st post. Intercostal vein
Superior intercostal artery.
1st thoracic nerve.

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23
Q

Relations of the ala of sacrum.

A

SLIO ( Medial to lateral )

Sympathetic chain.
Lumbosacral plexus.
Ilio-lumbar artery.
Obturator nerve.

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24
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment.

Blood vessels and bronchi.

A

Bronchopulmonary segments are conical in shape.

Each bronchopulmonary segment has their own pulmonary artery and tertiary bronchus.

Pulmonary veins are intersegmental.

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25
Q

Foreign body entering the lung most commonly enters into.

A

Posterior basal segment of the right lung.

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26
Q

Aspiration pneumonia is common in which bronchopulmonary segment.

A

Apical segment of lower lobe.

Superior or posterior segment of upper lobe.

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27
Q

Structures which arches over the hilum of lung.

A

Right lung - azygos vein

Left lung - arch of aorta

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28
Q

Nerve which passes in front of the hilum.

Nerve which passes behind the hilum.

A

Front - Phrenic nerve.

Behind - Vagus nerve.

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29
Q

Base of heart is formed by.

A

Both the atria.

30
Q

Groove separating base of heart from diaphragmatic surface of the heart.

A

Posterior atrioventricular groove.

31
Q

Parts of the heart supplied by the right coronary artery.

A 
Right atrium and ventricle.
SA node.
AV node.
Left bundle of his.
Post 1/3rd of the IV septum.
Apex of heart.
32
Q

Parts of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery.

A

Left atrium and ventricle.
Left and right bundles of his.
Anterior 2/3rd of IV septum.
Apex of the heart.

33
Q

Posterior Interventricular artery is a branch of.

Co-dominance ?

A

Right coronary artery in 85% of cases.
Right dominance.

Left circumflex artery.
Left dominance.

When the branch is from both, it’s called co-dominance.

34
Q

What is the coronary sulus.

A

Posterior atrioventricular groove is called coronary sulcus.

35
Q

Veins which do not drain into the coronary sulcus.

A

Anterior cardiac veins/ vene cordae minimi/ thebesian veins drain directly into the right atrium.

36
Q

Where is the oblique sinus of the pericardium present.

A

Behind the left atrium.

37
Q

Line joining SVC and IVC on the outside of the RA.

A

Sulcus terminalis.

38
Q

Line joining the SVC and IVC on the inside of the RA.

A

Crista terminalis.

39
Q

Crista terminalis divides the right atrium into.

A

Rough part.
Shows structure similar to teeth of comb - pectinate muscles.

Smooth part
Opening of the SVC and IVC (guarded by the eustachian valve)
Coronary sinus (guarded by the thebesian valve)

40
Q

Fossa ovalis represented by.

A

Septum primum.

41
Q

Limbus fossa ovalis is represented by.

A

Septum secondum.

42
Q

What is the tendon of Todaro.

A

Fibrous structure formed by the junction of eustachian valve and thebesian valve.

43
Q

Boundaries of the triangle of Koch.

A

Tricuspid valve leaflet.
Coronary sinus.
Tendon of Todaro.

44
Q

What structure lies in the triangle of koch ?

A

AV node.

45
Q

Where is the SA node present in the RA.

A

Junction of SVC with right atrium.

46
Q

Fate of the sinus venosus.

A

Right and left horn of sinus venosus are connected to the atrium by sino-atrial orifice.
Left horn becomes small in size, detaches from the atrium and starts to drain into the right horn as the coronary sinus.
Right horn is absorbed into the atrium - septum spurium.
It is bounded by two valves - right and left. Left form the inter atrial septum.
Right form the crista terminalis, eustachian valve and thebesian valve.

47
Q

Structures which drain into the sinus venosus.

A

Umbilical vein.
Vitilline vein.
Common cardinal vein.

48
Q

IV septum is made of what parts.

A

Muscular and membranous parts.

49
Q

Muscular part of IV septum is derived from.

A

It grows in the floor of the ventricular cavity.

50
Q

Membranous part of IV septum is derived from.

A
  1. Bulbar septum - formed in conus.

2. Proliferation of AV cushion.

51
Q

During the development of the great vessels, what divides the Truncus Arteriosus.

A

Aorticopulmonary septum divides the TA into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

52
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot is due to.

Features of TOF.

A

TOF is due to failure of migration of neural crest cells into the septum.

Septum shifts to the anterior and to the right leading to.
Pulmonary stenosis.
Right ventricular hypertrophy.
IV septal defect (membranous).
Over-riding of aorta.
53
Q

Failure of what developmental process leads to the transposition of great vessels.

A

When the septum fails to develop in a spiral manner, the pulmonary trunk will develop from the LV and aorta opens from the RV.

54
Q

Failure of what developmental process leads to persistence of truncus arteriosus.

A

Failure of development of septum leads to persistence of truncus arteriosus.

55
Q

Arch of aorta develops from.

A

Left horn of aortic sac and left 4th aortic arch.

56
Q

Subclavian artery develops from.

A

Left - left 7th cervical intersegmental artery.

Right - right 4th and 7th cervical intersegmental artery.

57
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk develops from.

A

Right horn of aortic sac.

58
Q

Pulmonary artery develops from.

A

6th arch artery.

59
Q

Ductus arteriosus develops from.

A

Left 6th arch artery between lung bud and dorsal aorta.

60
Q

Common carotid arteries are derived from.

A

3rd arch artery. Gives a bud for external carotid and itself continues as internal carotid along with dorsal aorta.

61
Q

Descending thoracic artery develops from.

A

Left dorsal aorta.

62
Q

Internal jugular vein develops from.

A

Anterior cardinal vein above the attachment of subclavian vein.

63
Q

Right brachiocephalic trunk develops from.

A

Right anterior cardinal vein between subclavian vein and anastomosis.

64
Q

Left brachiocephalic vein develops from.

A

Left anterior cardinal vein between subclavian vein and anastomosis.

65
Q

SVC is derived from.

A

Right anterior cardinal vein below anastomosis and right common cardinal vein.

66
Q

SVC drains into.

Left SVC drains into.

A

Right horn.

Coronary sinus.

67
Q

Coronary sinus develops from.

A

Left horn of sinus venosus.
Left common cardinal vein.
Left superior intercostal vein which is derived from left anterior cardinal vein below anastomosis and proximal part of left posterior cardinal vein.

68
Q

Diaphragm is developed from.

A

Septum transversum.
Dorsal and ventral mesentry of oesophagus.
Body wall.
Pleuro-peritoneal membranes.

69
Q

Bochdalec’s hernia.

A

Posterolateral defect in the development of hernia due to non-fusion of pleuro-peritoneal membranes.

70
Q

Sensory supply of diaphragm is by.

A

Central part - phrenic nerve.

Peripheral part - intercostal nerve.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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