Head And Neck Flashcards
Nerves of the pharyngeal arches.
Mandibular nerve. Facial nerve. Glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior laryngeal nerve. Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Branches of facial nerve.
Temporal. Zygomatic. Buccal. Marginal mandibular. Cervical.
Venous drainage of the head and face.
Supratrochlear vein + supraorbital vein + angular vein drain into facial vein.
Superior temporal vein and maxillary vein form the retro mandibular vein.
Anterior division of retro mandibular vein and facial vein drain into internal jugular vein.
Posterior division of retro mandibular vein and posterior auricular vein drain into external jugular vein.
Dangerous area of face, infection spreads by ?
Facial vein to angular and deep facial veins.
Angular -> superior ophthalmic veins -> cavernous sinus.
Deep facial vein -> pterygoid plexus -> emissary vein -> cavernous sinus.
Divisions of trigeminal nerve.
Ophthalmic.
Maxillary.
Mandibular nerve.
Sensory nerve of the face.
Except.
Trigeminal nerve.
Angle mandible skin - Greater auricular nerve. (Branch of cervical plexus)
Structures passing through foramen rotundum.
Maxillary nerve.
Common carotid artery divides at.
Superior border of lamina of thyroid cartilage
Structures passing through foramen ovale.
Accessory meningeal artery.
Lesser petrosal nerve.
Mandibular nerve.
Emissary vein.
Structures passing through foramen spinosum.
Nervous spinosus.
Middle meningeal vessels.
Meningeal/ recurrent branch of mandibular nerve.
Structures passing through foramen lacerum.
Internal carotid artery.
Structures passing through anterior part of jugular foramen.
Inferior petrosal sinus.
Structures passing through internal acoustic meatus.
7th and 8th nerve.
Labyrinthine arteries.
Structures passing through middle part of jugular foramen.
9th, 10th and 11th cranial nerves.
Structures passing through posterior part of jugular foramen.
Sigmoid sinus.
Structures passing through hypoglossal or anterior condylar canal.
12th cranial nerve.
Structures passing through superior orbital fissure.
3rd, 4th, 6th cranial nerves and ophthalmic nerve.
Which nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to the hind gut ?
S2, S3, S4. Nervi erigentes. Pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Facial nerve supplies parasympathetic supply to.
All glands of head and neck except parotid.
Glossopharyngeal nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to.
Parotid gland.
Vagus supplies parasympathetic innervation to.
All glands of the GIT.
3rd nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to.
Sphincter pupillae of ciliaris.
Nerve supply of parotid gland.
Inferior salivatory nucleus
Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve + sym. plexus (Jacobson’s nerve) forms Tympanic plexus.
Lesser petrosal nerve.
OTIC GANGLION
Parotid gland
Nerve supply of submandibular and sub-lingual glands.
Sensory branch of the facial nerve (nervus intermedius/ nerve of Wrisberg)
Joins with motor part of facial nerve and forms trunk
Enters internal acoustic meatus.
GENICULATE GANGLION
Chorda tympani
Joins with lingual nerve and goes to submandibular ganglion.
Submandibular and sub-lingual glands.
Nerve supply of lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands.
GENICULATE GANGLION.
Greater petrosal nerve
Joins with deep petrosal nerve to form.
Nerve of pterygoid canal ( Vidians nerve)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands.
Crocodile tears involve which glands.
Submandibular and lacrimal.
Which nerve is irritated in allergic rhinitis ?
Vidians nerve.
Tensor of vocal cords.
Supplied by.
Paralysis leads to.
Cricothyroid.
External laryngeal nerve.
Damage results in timber of voice.
Abductor of vocal cords.
Posterior cricoarytenoid.
Safety muscle of the tongue.
Genioglossus - protrudes tongue to the opposite side.
Sign seen in paralysis of hypoglossal nerve.
Tongue is deviated to same side as the lesion.
Failure of fusion of ectodermal cleft leads to.
Branchial sinus/ fistula.
Development of 1st endodermal pouch.
Dorsal part forms tubo-tympanic recess which develops into tympanic cavity and the Eustachian tube.
Ventral part joins with 2nd endodermal pouch to form the palatine tonsil.
Development of 2nd endodermal pouch.
Combines with the ventral part of the 1st endodermal pouch to form the palatine tonsil.
Development of 3rd endodermal pouch.
Dorsal part - inferior parathyroid glands
Ventral part - forms thymus.
Development of 4th endodermal pouch.
Dorsal - forms superior parathyroids.
Ventral - ultimobranchial body - parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid.
Parafollicular C-cells are derived from.
Neural crest cells.
Ultimobranchial body.
4th endodermal pouch.
Development of tongue.
Anterior 2/3rd - 2 lingual swellings and tuberculum impar.
Posterior 1/3rd - cranial part of hypobranchial eminence/ copula.
Posterior most part and epiglottis - caudal part of hypobranchial eminence.
Muscles - occipital myotomes.
Development of face.
5 processes -
1 fronto-nasal process
2 maxillary processes
2 mandibular processes.
Mid-line upper lip cleft is due to.
Non fusion of 2 medial nasal processes.
Hare lip/ cleft lip is due to.
Non-fusion of maxillary process with medial nasal process.
Oblique facial cleft is due to.
Non fusion of maxillary process with lateral nasal process.
Midline lower lip cleft is due to.
Non fusion of 2 mandibular processes.
Development of hard palate is from.
Primary - fusion of 2 medial nasal processes.
Secondary - fusion of palatine process of maxilla.
